Part I

Aryana Vajeh – Aryan Vast

 

 

FORGOTTEN MOTHERLAND

 

            Legends reflecting “official” history and not letting the Europeans think of their real past have been prevailing over Europe for centuries.

            A very questionable idea – “West is West, and East is East” fills consciousness of many generations. It makes us divide the whole planet in twain and consider ancient Greek statutes, Roman Civil Law and Christian commandments as the source of human civilization representing all the rest as “barbarism”, “ignorance” and “ferocity”.  

            Is that right?

            For instance, Greek statutes, and the same goes with temples with columns, appeared not all of a sudden, statuary arts and architecture came to Europe from Persia, which is to say, from the East. And it turns out that Roman Civil Law originated far from Rome; it existed together with other Christian symbols and ceremonies in the “barbarous” East at least 500 – 700 years before Christ was born. And a simple question arises in this connection: where East and its culture ended? Or – where West and its culture began? One might be surprised with the answers. Because during different historical epochs the concept of “East and West” was changing, if it ever existed at all.

            In modern division one can find the traces of colonial epochs when division of the world was contrived. Someone wanted certain Europeans to forget the truth of themselves, of their western roots, and believe in legends. So that they would launch wars in the fullness of time like toy soldiers. So that they would despise and scorn one another speaking about “beneficence”.  So that…

            Indeed, can't that be the reason of coldness between the Englishmen and the Scots? Or the French and the Spanish? Deadly feud of the Serbians, Albanians and Croats also has a source? Let alone the Germans – dislike towards them is well known, it is even mentioned in proverbs and sayings. What if even centuries-old confrontation of North and South in Italy or France has its explanation?..

            Historical subjects mentioned in this book were established late in the Middle Ages, during the epoch of great geographical discoveries, when colonialism first appeared. Conquest of countries and nations became widespread and required justification or invention of official “myths”, to put it more preciously, where glorious West had all honors.

            It was useful to spread ignorance. Ignorance and people's trust helped the rulers carry out political adjustments on the Eurasian continent and in the rest of the world – they determined the enemies and launched wars. Because it is known since Rome that if a nation is deprived of its history, in two generations it is to turn into a crowd and in another two generations it can be ruled as a herd. And the main peculiarity of a human herd is that it never threatens its shepherd. Quite the opposite – it admires them…

            “History is the whole of crimes, madness and disasters”, - said Voltaire, the French philosopher. In the XVIII century Edward Gibbon, the English historian, had a rooted objection to it: “History is something more than a list of crimes, madness and disasters”. And he was absolutely right: it is not the list of events that teaches and enlightens people; it is the knowledge that does it.

            Knowledge is akin to birth of the spirit…

 

            The Europeans started to distort the truth of themselves at least one thousand years ago when the Church was divided between East and West. The Byzantine Emperor was sitting on the throne but dared not suggest anything – the power of the master of Mediterranean was slowly disappearing. Those were his final days. Events, moving to an inevitable end point, reached the climax later, in two centuries, when the crusaders captured Constantinople and the Pope obtained all the power. History was kind of changing, those days it became noticeable for new postulates.   

            Having declared the Second Rome, the Pope declared Byzantium a colony, and Eastern Europe – the area of his interest. That was the first and a very obvious declaration of intentions to divide the world. Eurasian vastness has changed at that very moment – the idea of aggression appeared. The idea of world domination!

            In 1204 Tsargrad became the capital of the Latin Empire, the Second Rome, that was, according to the Pope's plans, extend the boundaries of the Western Church up to Siberia… The word “empire” reappeared in Europe; again Rome performed the part of the leader in world politics. Everything seemed to be as it was a thousand years ago.

            But we should mention that Europe was becoming Latin, not Roman.

            And that was the essence of all changes: not the rebirth of the emperor, but strengthening of the Pope's power was considered as the most important event by winning politicians. The world should obey to the Church – they desired to perpetuate its domination. That was a brand new stroke of policy; it bore omens of many coming events in the future. That was a new force which was to launch new geopolitics in Eurasia. Since then it has been the main factor in almost all major events there.      

            The outlines of colonialism were becoming evident. They were distinguishable in the Pope's plans, but at that time people were not able to discern them.

            The Latin Empire existed on a map a short while – in 1261 it fell. But its idea wasn’t dead… It could not die! That was a very important feature of time – it divided the epochs of the Middle Ages and the New History where the Pope was the only master.

            The idea of the Second, and later – the Third Rome was cautiously being introduced in different countries and regions; goals of nations and dynasties were directed by it. A new fight was to start – the fight in which power consecrated by the Pope and the Church was the award. At first the rulers did not even understand that the Latin Empire proclaimed Eurasia as a patrimony of the First Rome – that Rome couldn’t find enough space in the West.

            That was the beginning of a real colonial expansions which they tried to cover under religious symbols. As if with a fig-leaf. Christianization is the distinctive feature of new colonialism – its face and its result.

            This assertion may seem too harsh – but that is how it was. That time is marked by the crusades to the East – expansion started with them… After the crusades military expeditions to Africa, Asia, America took place – and everywhere soldiers were followed by planters or missionaries with Latin crosses in their hands… What is it if not a colonization? Or Christianization? What are the differences between them?    

            History knows no Moslem or Buddhist colonies – they are all Christian. That is the face of the Pope's policy. These are the results.

            It is also useful to remember that up to the XII century the eastern boundary of the Christian world lay within the Roman Empire occupying a part of the right-bank Ukraine. The Latin Empire had pretensions to the lands lying to the north and to the east where another spiritual culture prevailed.

            Christian Catholics seeking for world domination turned there.

            Those far eastern lands of Europe which are called Russia nowadays, by the decision of the IV Oecumenical Council belonged to the Greek Church, they were referred to the Antioch Eparchy. But Christian envoys were not honored there; their sermons could do nothing with the belief in the Heavenly God with which people had been living there for ages.

            There were several attempts of Christianization. And they were all vain. The legend of the alleged Baptism of Kievan Russia in the X century remains just a popular legend having no historical proofs.

            Having despaired to find way to the East, the Byzantines called those western people “Hanifs” and their belief – “Hanif confession” considering it to be stronger than Christian belief… Later Macarius, the Patriarch of Antioch, acknowledged that telling in the XVII century of his visiting Moscow Russia. 

            Having declared of the Latin Empire in the XIII century, the West decided to repeat the route of the Greek Christians in order to deny a theory of impregnability of the East. And thus to strengthen its positions. A painstaking preparation of an ideological aggression, that lasted for centuries, commenced. The game was worth the candle since it could extend the boundaries of the Christian Empire for thousands of kilometers – beyond Ural, which strengthened the power of the Pope to whom even the Byzantines bowed their heads, but not the “Hanifs”…

            Looking ahead, let us say that finally the Catholics managed to destroy the “Hanif belief” – they destroyed it through Romanovs, the Russian tsars. That dynasty executed the Pope's purpose – having destroyed the old belief, it launched Christianity in Russia, introduced western innovations and destroyed old traditions, in a word, it deprived the West of its national culture and entity… In fact, that’s what our book is about – every page of it tells of an unknown tragedy.  

            Russia was slowly deepening into unconsciousness, turning the nation into slaves (cp. the Slavs). The Russians paid a dreadful price for the coming of Christianity, for its introduction to the West.

            Paving the way for a new culture, Romanovs made the nation forget its native land – the country that existed before Russia and Rus – on pain of death. Romanovs needed neither the old belief in Heavenly God, nor the old past – they were preparing their new past, bringing lies to the forefront.

            Russia, or most of it, to put it more preciously, was formerly called Dest-I-Kipchak. That was a powerful steppe country extending from Baikal to the Alps – probably the most powerful country in the world. The Roman Empire paid levy to it in the IV – V centuries. Former greatness of the steppe country was to be forgotten: those were bad memories for the West. Even certain allusions.

            Historians turned the most powerful country of the Middle Ages into the “Wild Field”, into the back of beyond, and its nation which could be conquered neither by a sword nor by a word – into “wild nomads” and “pagan Tatars”. These are key words in the official Russian history – that’s how ancestors are now called in Russia.

            Steppe nation has become a castaway at home; it hasn’t been able to recollect itself for ages. It was told a lot of lies and sent to sleep. It has obediently fallen asleep…

            Romanovs appeared unexpectedly in the Russian politics – there were no people with that non-Russian family name in Russia. Puny Michael Zakhariev-Koshkin, the founder of the dynasty, took it in 1613 – he realized that having become “Romanov” he would become “Roman”. That was the son of the Russian false Patriarch Filaret, the very same Filaret that obtained clerical titles from Ljedmitriy 1, and was made Patriarch by Ljedmitriy 2. The person who graduated from a Jesuitical college in Vilno turned out to be among the first Russian Jesuits.   

            Thus, following the scenario of the Third Rome, the eastern part of Europe was turned into a colony of an invisible Latin (Christian) Empire. They called those times the times of troubles. Everything sort of happened of its own accord. In order to choose a new, “their” tsar, the Pope's monks that managed to come to Moscow destroyed the former dynasty. Most of Riurikoviches were simply poisoned with arsenic and mercury, which was proven by modern experts. And the main reason of that was their reluctance to conspire with Rome – Ivan the Terrible refused to accept Christianity and the Pope's power voluntarily.       

            Analysis of the time of troubles evinced the truth.

            … Who are they, those “Halifs” with their strong belief? Unfortunately, Russian history dissembles it; chroniclers of Romanovs' Moscow deliberately misrepresented the facts. That’s why they started history of Russia from the misty IX century, from Kiev. They invented the baptism of Russia, Bosporus and Scythia, “ancient Russian” cities which in fact were the cities of Desht-I-Kipchak, as well as the Slavs and the Scythians in order to conceal the Turki who had been living in steppes lying from Altai to the Alps from of old. They even concealed that steppe inhabitants called themselves the Kipchaks (Kypchaks). That’s how the steppe nation called itself.  

           

            ● Transcriptions in this book are worth saying a few words. No doubt, certain experienced scientists would protest. But the author intentionally abandoned academic transcription trying to avoid endless and empty disputes characterizing orientalism, namely Turkology. Giving pronunciation clear to readers, he tried to simplify them and to show that the modern Turkic language consists of dozens of equal dialects and that now it has no strictness and accuracy peculiar to the literary Turkic language in ancient times shown by the Ancient Turkic Dictionary.

            This seeming liberty being inconsistent with scientific traditions is for readers' convenience… Especially since such simplifications don’t diminish scientific authenticity of the text.

 

            The main object of the Russian historical studies of the XVIII century is distortion of the past. Hence is silence of “Hanif belief” and appearance of Christianity in Moscow Russia in 1589. Although that was not a secret as early as in the XVII century – when Romanovs obtained power…

            Desht-I-Kipchak, the steppe country, which is usually passed over in silence in Russia, was created by the Great Nations Migrations – “the Huns moving”. In the II – V centuries uninhabited lands of Eurasia were being massively inhabited. Rich lands where it was very hard to live. People came there from valleys and steppes of Altai – it was the source of the Great Nations Migrations, its vital force.

 

            ●          Speaking about Altai, we mean another territory as compared with that associated with Altai now. Ancient Altai is the whole Southern Siberia with Baikal in the East and Pamir in the West – that was Altai in the times this book is about. A vast mountain country reaching Tibet was called Altai. The modern map keeps the traces of those times: Mongolian Altai and Gobi Altai still exist.

 

            From here – from Altai – ran human river which originated from little streams five centuries B.C. or even earlier and directed to the Northern India, and later – Persia, the Near East and Northern Africa. Then it came to spanless Eurasian steppes. That was a real unprecedented demographic explosion. Its participants had different names: the Huns, Saks, Scythians, Arians, Geths, Goths, Turki, Saxons, Polovtzians, Germans, Burgundians, Kumans… More than thirty names were invented for the Altaians. And they were all correct. But those thirty nations spoke the same language – the Turkic language. And they had one ruler – the tsar, or the Great Khan who ran the nation.

            Their appearance was almost the same – riders with bronzed faces. They called themselves the Turki: the Oguzes or Kipchaks. Hence their name of their country – Desht-I-Kipchak, i.e. the “Kipchak steppe”.

 

            ● The word desht (dasht) is considered to be borrowed from Iranian languages, which is absolutely wrong. The Iranians and the Turki understand it in absolutely different ways – geographers brought that to notice long ago. For the Kipchaks it was “blossomy steppe, valley”, for the Oguzes and Iranians – “stony, rocky desert” (from the ancient Turkic tashta > dashta – “on a stone”). Borrowing has nothing to do with it. And nevertheless, in Azerbaijan the Mugan valley is called Dashti-Mugan, which means that some time ago the Mugan steppe was famous for rich pastures. Today similar deserts can be found in different regions of the Middle East – in Afghanistan (Dashti-Margo), Iran (Deshte-Kevir, Deshte-Lut), Pakistan (Deshtestan) – sometime they were bloomy oases, and the Turkic speech prevailed there. It hasn’t been forgotten until now.  

            However Desht-I-Kipchak is not the same. In the XIV century Ibn Battuta, the Arabian traveler, described those lands (between the Crimea and Volga) as follows: “That is a green and bloomy steppe – there are no trees, mountains, and hills there”. It seems the usual form dasht (desht) hides the stem having another meaning. In the ancient Turkic language the word tash (dash) meant not only “stone” but also “exterior”, “layout”, “overflow”, “overflow the banks”. The word is an element of the term meaning “foreign lands” – tash yer.  

            It is obvious that this geographical name appeared when the Kipchaks inhabited the steppe. They were on the outside (tashta) from the lands where they formerly lived. Thus tashta kipchak – dashti-kipchak became the name of new territories, something like “Outside Kipchak Lands”.

            However, it is also possible that in the name “Desht-I-Kipchak” there is the form “tash” – “overflow”, “spill over banks” + affix forming a past participle - -tuk: tash + -tuk > tashtuk (overflowing, spilling over banks). Tashtuk Kipchak means “the Kipchaks spilling overbanks”. That is also possible.

            But most likely the name appeared as a result of the Great Nations Migration when the Kipchaks, having united a great many tribes, settled on vast territories from Baikal to Danube. In popular etymology it has taken a more common form: tashtuk kipchak – tashti kipchak – dashti kipchak.

            Of course, other variants are possible.

 

            It is obvious that unprecedented Altaic migration determining fate of millions of people, could not be of no social consequences of the same importance. And it had consequences – it turned Eurasia into an organic whole. Into a region! The Great Nations Migration, moving through the continent, sort of united the centers of different civilizations of the ancient world. It united the planet. The West saw the East and the South saw the North.

            The planet was changing beyond recognition. Thousands of families were moving, new countries and cultures appeared, old traditions collapsed. That was the process akin to creation of the world. For example, population in Europe increased at least two-fold, at that population of Altai was decreasing, which says a lot of those events to an educated person.

            Millions of people found a new native land – is it not an Event?..

            Those were glorious times – a new world was born, the world we are living in now; outlines of the political map were becoming visible – Eurasian continent was being formed. New times were characterized not by space or population, not by the size of new cities or prolific crops but by nature of people living in the new world and their culture.

            Culture! It was changing.

            Newcomers from Altai shared their skills and wide experience, traditions and knowledge with Eurasians. That was perhaps the most important thing of those times – exchange of developments which moved human progress on. The old has had its day and retreated; the new was winning.

            Society made a new step in its development; the spiral of civilization was rapidly expanding.

            In 312 the Roman Empire fell after seven hundred year-long domination in Europe. Antiquity disappeared together with it: Greco-Roman paganism was changed by the religion called Christianity. That’s when it originated – in the IV century!.. With arrival of the Kipchaks (Huns, Barbarians, Germans, Goths if you like, which, as a matter of fact, is of no consequence).

            The antique epoch was over – it was changed by another epoch – medieval – i.e. Christian and Moslem. Based on Turkic monotheism.

            The early Middle Ages, as it turns out, were notable not for wild hordes of nomads that destroyed Rome. There were no wild hordes there. They were invented later. Rome itself was wild and backward; it surrendered to riders showing its powerlessness: it had no force to fight for its own hand – its huge but rusty army was beaten to sticks under the walls of Rome… Are comments necessary here? That was an ignominious defeat.

            And in order to be justified in the eyes of descendants, the Romans later wrote their “history” where they besmirched steppe inhabitants. Of course they were not the first to do so – slander is the lot of weak people. One can take that for granted.

            Desht-I-Kipchak could be neither “wild” nor “nomadic” since people there lived only in towns and villages – Kiev, Poltava, Bryansk and dozens of others. Iron was widely used in the country: tools and weapons were made of it. And in the Roman Empire the Bronze Age was going on; iron was rarely used there – only commanders of the best Emperor's regiments had steel swords but it is a big question without an answer how they would get them.

 

            ● In the Roman Empire there were no ironstone deposits corresponding with technologies of those times. The method of burnout of iron from ore supposed presence of not less than eighty percent of useful component in it, otherwise technology was inefficient. It is obvious that they used imported iron ore. But where was it imported from?

            It is indicative that even in the pick of the Roman army shields were still made of copper since steel was too expensive.

            According to the facts, barbaricarii, i.e. certain tribes of barbaric (foreign) origin were skilled in blacksmithing in Rome. They produced weapons and armor. Their smithies and workshops were situated somewhere to the East, from where iron was furnished to Rome.

 

            The Kipchaks would wage wars riding horses while the Romans reckoned basically upon heavy-weight foot troops that reminded of the times of Egyptian pharaohs. Cavalry of the Roman army became strong only by the end of the IV century – foreigners, i.e. that very “Barbarians” from the East were taken to it. The Romans themselves were bad riders; for a long time a horse remained an article of luxury for them – only very rich people – moneylenders, major merchants, rich landowners – used to ride a horse carefully.

 

            ● E Gibbon marks that in their best days in a Roman legion of 6100 warriors there were just 700 riders. More information on this point can be found in the book by A. Jones – this work is a good addition to Gibbon's book. Its bibliography includes classical works on the history of the army of the late Roman Empire and interesting sources including rare documents like military credentials in Notitia Digitatum, family papers of warriors from border districts of the VI – VII centuries in Atswana, papers of soldiers from bastions in the Southern Palestine and other. Much is said there of realities of the Roman army.

 

            And this historical fact also counts in favor of the East that came to Europe, as far as we know, riding a horse.

            However, not a horse, not weapons were the most important things in those times but the spirit for which the Turki were famous. An equilateral cross – the symbol of their belief in Heavenly God – was on their flags, while the Europeans were pagans. They knew neither a labarum, nor a cross. It was not until the IV century that they saw a Holy Cross – only when the Kipchaks came. They saw it on their flags and shields.

            In Altai flags were used since the old days: every family had a flag there which was called tug. (Hence the word “spirit” (pronounced as “dukh”) in the Russian language). It was also called “khorug” or “alabarym” which are also Turkic words that mean “guardian” and “perish of fiends”. Because, according to an ancient Altaic tradition, the spirit of the family lived in a flag. That’s why the Turki considered it a disgrace to bow a flag; and to drop it was a big trouble. 

            Loss of the flag meant death of the family; even if it was in the prime of life nobody would take it seriously. Families united by one common flag were called “tukhum”. That is the second Turkic social unit after a family – ulus, horde and nation began with it.

            Three colors were present on flags of the Altaians, since the Eternal Blue Sky which they deified had three colors – blue in the afternoon, red in the morning and white in the evening. In the XIII the Turki knew of celestial origin of colors of the range on their flags, which is witnessed by the ceremony of election of the Great Khan that was practiced then. However, that ancient Altaic tradition remains in Europe until now – “Altaic” colors are present on flags of those countries which population was brought there by the Great Nations Migration.

 

            ● During a ceremony of election of the Great Khan white flag symbolized the West (sunset, evening), red flag symbolized the East (sunrise, morning), blue or purple flag symbolized the center (midday).

 

            Colors of the Sky never faded away… It's amazing that traditions live on their own – they just need to be noticed.

            Altaic flags are well known to science; so one can make a lot of conclusions on this point. One of the images – the most ancient in Europe! – scientists found on a stelae in Khornkhauzen (Halle, Saxony). The image is almost one and a half thousand years old. There is a cross and three ribbons on the flag. It is the symbol of the newcomers – the riders. Similar flags can be found on rocks of Ancient Altai, much has been written about them, drawings which are more than two thousand years old were elicited – A.P. Okladnikov, the outstanding archeologist, studied them… One would think: Germany and Altai are not close to each other. However, not only similar flags were found there but also runic inscriptions, which allows any unbiased person to think of signs of unity of cultures of East and West.  

            And if we add that ancient runic inscriptions of Europe and Altai are read identically, we will possibly have another reason to think of the obvious – of solidarity of the language. However, that has been proven in the XIX century by V. Thomsen, the Danish professor, who was the first who managed to read ancient runic texts. Knowledge of the Turkic language helped the scientist…

            As we can see traces of times and places are always present in History – they can be noticed and can be neglected but still they are present… Nothing in this world passes away without leaving a trace; that’s why the truth is eternal, it can never fade away. It turns out Catholic Rome called Attila, the leader of the Kipchaks, Scourge of God, not by accident – it stood in awe of its invincible spirit. The Kipchaks believed in the Heavenly God, the Creator. Their spiritual culture was notable for monotheism and an equilateral cross which symbolized the rays of grace of God coming from the single center to the four corners of the earth.

            Hence is the name – the Huns – which meant “people of the sun”, “children of the sky”.

            Monotheism and its symbols are core of “Hanif belief”. They conceal the reason why not much is known of the Turkic culture, why the memory of it has been extirpated for centuries. It gave rise to Christianity! And to Islam!

            Hostile efforts of the West made people “forget” that the first prayers which have later become Christian prayers were read in Europe since the IV century (since 312) in the Turkic language. That the Christians worshipped Turkic icons up to the VIII century since they didn’t have their own ones. That first bishops and Popes were ordained and blessed by Turkic priests because in the city of Derbent, in the Caucasus, the Patriarchal See of Christian Churches was placed since the IV century. Here, in the center of the new culture, the Europeans learned to believe in Heavenly God and worship Him.

            They took the ceremony of divine service from the Turki – from the “Halifs”. There were no others in the world who could teach to believe…  One should take a good look at returning pictures of the past – its turns out they didn’t vanish, they are simply neglected.

            It is striking that the word “Turki” which was widely used in the Middle Ages and meant “monotheist”, i.e. “Hanif” disappeared from European languages. The word had rather a religious than an ethnic meaning. Later it has been substituted by the neutral “Turk”, i.e. “one living in Turkey”, which is absolutely different. The new word doesn’t tell the profundity of the former sense, it limits its scope. The Turks are a drop in the endless ocean of the Turkic world.

            The fact that the “Hanifs” have been buried in oblivion explains a lot: the Turki were an obstacle for the West; their history showed that not the Rome was the leader of this world. Christian Church where the Pope proclaimed himself as the Vicar of Christ originated not from Peter. Everything was otherwise as compared with books where there are too many blank pages and the “dark centuries” last for too long.

            Thus impotent lies gave rise to “Panturkism”, the meaning of which nobody can explain. Hence is centuries-old persecutions of the Turki proclaimed as heretics from the time of Holy Inquisition by the Church… It all started from the pontifical inquisition of the XIII century when policy of the West became colonial and misanthropic. Hence, by the way, is full obliteration of the steppe nation in its native lands – in Russia.

            They deliberately mixed up everything and hid the traces.

            But the truth was known to certain Jesuits taken into the secret – those were the heads of the Society! The Church tried to conceal it, but it failed. Documents of those times remained – they are guarded day and night in special archives of Vatican – in the Jesuit library. That is the fight between the light and the dark, God and Devil, good and evil, verity and falsity.

            One would think, how is it possible to conceal God's appearance in the culture of Europe? Too easy. The Turkic belief was called heresy and its followers – heretics. And that was it. After that physical destruction of them commenced in which black friars were probably the most active participants. Executions continued up to the XVI century. After that the Jesuits got involved who were more sophisticated in killing – they used not an axe but a word.

            Finally people were made to forget everything. It is not likely that any European is able now to call the name of the Most High, the Creator; the Christians don’t pronounce His name since they have forgotten it. God the Father, whose image was brought to Europe by the Turki, remained without a name and without worship for them. A figure of minor importance in their divine pantheon.

            … Religious tradition of the Turki, as witnessed by the history of the East, was formed five centuries before Christ, its origin has been lost in centuries. It is most likely that the birth of religion was connected with metal manufacture which changed the life of the Altaic nation. An ancient epos connects that event with Geser the Prophet who told the Altai inhabitants of Tengri - the Heavenly God and learned them to smelt iron. Connection between new God and new iron is evident. They were one for Altai inhabitants.

            It is not by accident that in poetics the nation of Altai called iron a celestial metal – the gift of Heaven. This name contains tremor and delight of a person finding an air stone since those stones sent from the sky gave ancient people iron which doesn’t exist in nature without impurities. The earliest iron knives and daggers known to science are made of air stones.

 

            ● Chinese sources (“Thaipinhuanyuitszi”) report of the Ancient Altai: “Their lands produce gold, iron, tin… [also] their state has iron of celestial rains, it is picked up so as to make knives and swords; [it] differs from [common] iron… Some time ago they asked an envoy from there [how the iron was obtained], he was irresponsive and concealed that. He just said: iron is very solid and sharp and work with it is hard and skilled. Because their lands produce iron. Trees freeze in the rain, and [iron] appears. After some time it is devoured by soil. That’s why [it] is picked and sharp. At that every time people pick up [this iron] after the rain, there would always be defeated and killed. The reason is not clear…”. Source: History of Khakassia from Ancient Times up to 1917, page 79.

 

God whose heaven pantries were full of precious metal gave people the skills to smelt ore and obtain iron. Thus Altai inhabitants offered prayers to Him. That was the basis of their philosophy that was developing together with society giving rise to world view and forming spiritual basis which later turned into a religion.

            Of course other ancient metallurgic centers are known to science: the Caucasus, Minor Asia, but traces of any religion similar to that of Altai are absent there. Why? Another technology was used there – it allowed production of metal of low quality and thus iron could not affect peoples lives there – it still remained a rarity, a precious thing which was worth more than gold.

 

            ● In spite of a prevailing aberration, iron did not supercede bronze. “During the Iron Age there were even more bronze items than during the Bronze Age, - writes M. Bekkert. – In the II millennium B.C. iron cost 15 – 20 times as much in comparison with copper but later the price for it fell, however, it remained very expensive and iron balls were kept in tsar's treasuries. Such buried treasure – 160 tons of iron – was found in the palace of Sargon II, the Assyrian tsar (722 – 705 B.C.) while carrying out excavations near Nineveh, his capital”.

 

            Nobody in the world used to smelt iron ore. Nobody could. Iron was burned out of ore, and that is a painstaking work requiring a lot of fuel. In Altai people learned to smelt! Their new life was the gift of Heavenly God. Thus is the image of Tengri – Eternal Blue Sky and worshipping ceremonies. For example, the feast dedicated to the Most High was started by a stroke of a hammer over an anvil made by the tsar. Hence is a bell. A bell (pronounced as “kolokol” in Russian and “kalyk kol” in the Turkic language) in Turkic means “pray to heavens”.

            The ring of bells certainly gave rise to spirit in honest men, and later that spirit turned into belief. Only the deaf could not hear it but they felt it. “Iron spirit” became the peculiarity of the Turkic nation… This assertion is logical since Altaic ores are “the best and the most abundant ores in the world”, they gave the Turki iron and weapons which “could become the weapons of freedom and victory in heir hands” according to historians and experts in metallurgy.

            The unity of iron and Monotheism accompanied the Great Nations Migration being its symbol, sense and sound.

            Altaic smelting technology and new belief appeared together with the Turki – as it was in the Northern India, Persia and later in Europe – along Don, Dnepr and Rhine. This unity was everywhere. Thus the new culture demonstrated itself and attracted to itself. And thus it was firmly establishing! It was not imposed; it was taken as the best one.

            Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, Judaism appeared not on a sudden. They are the branches of the Turkic belief, its continuation in new cultures of India, Persia and the Middle East. These religions represented changes of society which followed the Great Nations Migration.

            It is symbolic that Zoroaster and Mani, for instance, preached the teaching of the Turki, their dualism, but they did it using other language and symbols and dealing with other conceptions familiar to local nations. Hence is a striking similarity of religious teachings that has repeatedly perplexed the experts. But nobody could explain that.

            The source of belief was the same everywhere, most of educated people feel that – it is read even in the rewritten (codified in the times of Sasanids) Zend-Avesta, the ancient collection of Iranian sacred books. But why? Nobody knows. However, it can never be understood without knowing the Turkic history.

 

            ● Of course, dualism of Zoroaster's teaching did not mean that the sage was against monotheism. It developed the conception of coming of the last stage of existence of the world, when Good and Evil will be separated from each other. Zoroaster taught that each human being takes part in destruction of Evil and recovery of Good before which everybody is equal. According to R. Fry, the well-known Orientalist: “Those who regard Zoroaster followers as amicable shepherds of herds and consider nomads reaving and killing cattle as their enemies find more in the sage's words than they contain”.

 

            Cultural changes which started before Christ in the Northern India and Persia convince that “metallurgic Altai” was the only place to be the spring of human river which dabbled Eurasian lands and gave birth to new cultural plantlets. Because a scientific and technological revolution took place there – the most mysterious revolution in the early human history; the world was getting familiarized with its achievements. The Altaians invented not only a metallurgic furnace – they saddled a horse using a steel bridle and saddles with stirrups, they created animal (horse) transport, constructed a plough and new weapons and armors.

            Scores of inventions appeared, iron forming their basis. Heavy crops of barley and millet, comfortable dwellings are the results of that high culture. And of abundance.

            ● Legends of abundance and generosity of the Ancient Altai existed in the Turkic world for centuries; peoples epos didn’t let them fade away. Here is, for instance, their reflection in the poem “Iskander-Name” by Nizami Gianjevi:

 

            We sow the seeds in due course

            And entrust them to the Sky that feeds us.

            What are we to do then? There's no question.

            During the harvest time we will have a lot of millet:

            After half a year after sowing,

            We will plenty of harvest.

 

            Only economic well-being, only prosperity lead to a demographic explosion, to population overgrowth and finally to the Great Nations Migration. One is the result of another, certainly, under some circumstances. Prosperity agitated for beauty and desirability of the Turkic culture, and it did it better than words.

            At some time, it seems, neighbors guessed themselves: the tsar of Altai is in the great secret – and started to render special honors to him, his descendants were invited to run other countries, they were granted privileges. India, Persia, Transcaucasia, Syria, Egypt, Ethiopia are the best illustrations – tsarist dynasties and grand people used to speak the Turkic language there. They were the natives of Altai.

            And, judging by remaining drawings and bas-reliefs, they wore Turkic clothes!

            Those rulers were generally from tsarist families of Barsa or Kushan. A bird (“kush” in Turkic) – the mediator between the Sky and earth – patronized the Kushans; that was their family sign (tug, khorug). A falcon personifying the tsarist family has been especially treated in the East since then. That proud and brave bird was chopped on ancient coins and seals, its image can be found on art objects which remained in biggest museums of the world – objects of the times of Achemenids, Arshakids, Kushans, Sasanids and other tsars of the Middle East and India whose ancestors came from Altai.

            A heraldic symbol – time has no power over it… even handsome lies fade away.

            In ancient Iranian mythology the image of Kushan was very important; they (Khushanghi in the local language) are ancestors of the Iranians, the people of foreign origin who brought iron and plough agriculture. They came from Altai, from the North, which is witnessed by the famous historical book “Shahname” (“Book about the Tsars”), it is almost two thousand years old – they started to put it together in the times of Arshakids.

            According to Zend-Avesta, a hvarenah – a falcon for hunting – is the symbol of the crown. It has become the part of heraldry, which is symbolic in itself. By the way, later they started to depict dragons with wings, panthers with wings, horses with wings so as to emphasize belonging to the tsarist family of those who would place them on their heraldic symbols.

            Eastern art is very rich. All patrons of new tsarist dynasties had wings. They were like guardian angels.

 

            … The Turki started the Great Nations Migration, the top of which was belief in Heavenly God, not empty-handed. Tengri was the name of the Most High, which in their language meant Eternal Blue Sky. “Good and evil, amenities and troubles are sent only by Tengri”, - the Altaians told themselves. He is the judge, He is the highest wisdom turned to people.

            Those later called the “Hanifs” by the Greek lead their lives believing in Him.

 

            THE HINDUSTAN PENINSULA AND ITS INHABITANTS

 

            Rumors of omnipotent Tengri who helped people were circulating all over the world.

            About two and half or three thousand years ago they reached Hindustan, and Indian pages of the Turkic history were opened; the wave of the Great Nations Migrations touched the north of that exotic country. Those times haven’t been forgotten; legends of the Nagas created at that time still exist. According to beliefs of the Indians, Nagas are the newcomers from the north, white people – demigods with human faces and serpent bodies, they could turn either into people or into serpents as they wished. They loved poetry and music; their women were famous for singular beauty… Why serpents? Because according to the Eastern legends, human beings originated from serpents.

            A serpent, or a dragon is the sign of ancestors not only for the Turki; it is also the good genius, the keeper of home. It was a sin to kill a snake. The image of the serpent was formed long ago and it is unlikely that it was an Altaic “invention”; that light image contained the unity of the past and present for many eastern nations. Unity which is inseparable and has no author.

            It seems that cult was absent on Hindustan since the Indians turned their regard on it and retained it in their myths. A serpent was not worshipped there.

            And besides, according to Altaic legends, a serpent is connected with fire and water – it could fly up in the clouds and simultaneously touch the bottom – holes, caves, sills of rivers – where it hid its treasures. It gave people iron ore, gold and other riches of its depths. All metals were hidden in its pantries.

            An ancient Altaic legend asserts that once a serpent born a man “in a shirt” or with “wolfskin”, which was a good sign. When it was needed he could turn into a wolf, panther, bear or any other animal. He just needed to dap in order to do it… Hence one important consequence: a totemic sign – the protecting spirit – appeared in Altaic families with that man “in a shirt”. Most commonly those were a serpent, panther, bird or wolf that protected the family. Thus varmints became symbols of aristocratic families. They were painted on flags and “blazons”, sacrifices were made to them and, of course, they were never offended.

            Hence another Altaic tradition expressed in arts – animal style. It was the peculiarity of Turkic ornaments and stories. A drawing on a bone or a statuette made by an ancient craftsman expressed the life – the struggle of families. A panther clawed a bull, a wolf bayed a boar… Plastic arts of images are amazing and original.

            It just needs to be seen once and it will remain with you as the sign of Turkic culture for the rest of your life. It will be the face of Altai. Only then – in ancient times – people knew arts like that.      

            Images of living world had been widely used in Altai before Geser the Prophet came, i.e. before Altai inhabitants accepted the belief in Tengri. But the totemic sign did not disappear after a new tradition was established. Sacrifices which had been practiced earlier disappeared… But it should be mentioned that much is known of those distant times. Maybe even more than of times not so remote. And that is another paradox of history – as a rule close events are subject to censure.

            In India there is “Mahabharata” manuscript, or “The Great Story of Descendants of Bharata” – the chronicle of ancient Hindustan. Some pages are dedicated to the Naga there. Their native land, as it is seen from the legends, is to the north where teeming treasures and an iron cross are hidden. But another thing is the most interesting: than man “in a shirt” that was born by a serpent in Altai became known on Hindustan after the arrival of the Turki. The Indians gave him the name of Bhima. “Mahabharata” makes one think so – there it is said that a newcomer has “the wolf's belly”, i.e. that is a man with wolfskin. If we keep the origin of that image in mind, such assertion doesn’t seem incredible; in the text Altaic subjects are revealed one after another. The more especially as the Nagas formed a tsarist dynasty which left a real trace in the Northern India early in the I millennium.   

            “Mahabharata” consists of eighteen books. According to Orientalists it is the fullest history reflecting the course of events of the I millennium B.C. in the world. Legends being the basis of those rare books were formed two and half thousand years ago and even earlier, they are connected with newcomers from the North, which is read perhaps in each of one hundred thousand distichs of the text.

            Culture which is absolutely different from culture that had existed on Hindustan before is in question. Serious monographs and researches of many generations of scientists are dedicated to it. Having thoroughly analyzed the ancient text, scientists determined that the epos was written about one and a half thousand years ago and not much has been changed in it since then.

            But who were those newcomers – heroes of ancient legends? Where is their native land? And are there answers to these questions. Here a great variety of opinions exists – this is the beginning of politics! Some send them to Ural, others – to Tibet. But not to Altai! That’s how strange corporate unity of the western science is shown. As though following someone's orders, it connects nothing on the continent with the Turki. A taboo… Well, let it be so.

            But… Researches, including those from the West, turned their attention to the fact that ancient Indian epos (“Mahabharata”, “Ramayana”) and Vedic literature often describe natural phenomena which native Indians were not able to see. Even theoretically. For instance, immovable Pole Star and the Great Bear. An in addition – snow, ice and frosty nights lasting for months. A long day with the midnight sun, let alone northern constellations which could be seen “high in the sky” only in regions lying not further to the south than the fifty fifth degree of the north latitude.

            In India the Great Bear is hidden beyond the horizon, it cannot be seen there. Nevertheless poetical compositions are dedicated to it… Isn't that strange?

            And who, apart from natives of Ancient Altai that lies on that very latitudes, could see the northern sky? It cannot be seen from tops of Tibet. “Ural” version is even less reasonable, it could only be suggested by a person who has never visited the Polar Ural and knows nothing of its nature and archeological capacities.

            Those nature phenomena can be met only in Altai! Alas, geography meddles history here, and it cannot be suppressed by censorship. Maybe that’s why the Earth is still round? It is good that at least this remains without changes.

            “Geographical discoveries” are everywhere in epos of the ancient India. Here is another example, perhaps the most important one, characterizing the native land of newcomers. Mount Meru. That’s not a mountain, that is a mountain chain stretching from East to West; Meru is called the Golden Mountain in epos. That is God's abode where “the soul of all creatures is”. It turns out there is a day in a year when radiant sun, having come round Meru, returns to its bottom.

            That is how the sun turns round. Thus the pradaksina appeared – the rite of circumambulating in a clockwise direction an image, relic, shrine or another sacred object. The ceremony which showed respect to relics. Even the sun does it.

            That sacred mountain is situated in Altai – in Ondugai Region; it is called Sumer. That is the heart of Altai – the most sacred place for the Turki. It can be compared only with Kailas. There are hundreds of ancient barrows there, solitude and prayers. A real temple in the open which is thousands of years old. For thousands of years people have been visiting it.

            Sumer is the altar of Altai where one shouldn’t shout and hunting is not allowed. In summer there is a day when the sun rises from one side of the mountain and sets from the other. That could never be invented. The same as the fact that top of the mountain is covered with snow and each snowflake is somebody's soul, its material state. It is dazzling in the sunshine, which is the explanation of the following line in Indian Vedas: “That wonderful mountain shone with flights of wondrous birds” – that’s how they used to talk about Meru, the eternal snowfield, the source of a sacred river, pure and the most transparent in the world. Souls of sinners are cleansed here, in the furnace of ordeals.

            “Su” means “water” in the Turkic language; it shows the meaning of the name “Sumer”. “Heavenly Ganges” of Indian Vedas has its source there – in the spring of world spirituality… Later two neighbor tops made the Altaians speak of Uch-Sumer as of certain integrity of the world. There is its certain philosophy which is as hard to cognize for a profane as to cognize Time… What is Time, indeed?

            And Altyn-Kel (Teletskoye Lake or Milk Sea) was also known in India; they knew of its “life-giving water” and banks covered with groves and forests, glades redolent of flowers and they also knew that in winter only half of the lake freezes over and even not every year, although it is located “on the northern hillside of Mount Meru”. That’s right. Even milk water in winter described in the Indian legend. That is frazil, acicular ice; it is white as snow and it covers the surface. One cannot walk on it… A natural phenomenon of Altai – no censorship can change it. The reason lies in hot underground sources flowing into the lake.

 

            ● “White Milk Lake” is also described in a Khakas legend where the same geographical coordinates connected with Sumer mountain are given. In the legend it has “golden banks reminding of a horse's eyes”…

 

            “Mahabharata” is amazing due to the fact that it describes Altai from the point of view of an eyewitness, at that it describes it as a country of bliss, the sacred abode, paying more attention not to nature but to people for whom divine justice is common. It emphasizes the worship of Heavenly God!.. Such words can be written only about the native land that one had left; they come from the heart, not from the mind.

            These are religious rites of “white men”, “laws connoisseurs and righteous men”. “marked with all good signs, shining like the moon”, they penetrate “eternal God”. That was Altai, that was the belief of its inhabitants. That was for real!

            The first book of “Mahabharata” could be really interested for turcologists since it contains information of Nagas and their way of life. As a matter of fact, that is the ancient history of Altai, the history of the Turki which is absent in most other sources. Peoples epos of India is a unique memory storage. Legends inadvertently confirm not only the Great Nations Migration but also its consequences.

            Indian scientists are absolutely sure that the Nagas are real historical tribes that came to the north of Hindustan. Twenty five centuries passed after their coming – a long time – and archeology confirmed the coming of the Nagas.

            As a matter of fact, “Mahabharata” is not a collection of fairy tales; it is a historical book consisting of many legends – that was the cultural tradition of India where scientists regard historical legends as reliable documents of the epoch. As against Russia, ancient texts are sacred there; it didn’t even occur to anyone to correct or rewrite them… Can the past be changed? Certainly not.

            The Indians don’t conceal that they took “Prajnaparamita” that has become the base of diversified culture of Hindustan from the Turki. It has become a kind of Indian Bible or Koran. That is the primordial collection of wisdom. Only outstanding enlighteners – people with crystal souls – were allowed to read it, since not every man of mould could conceive high thoughts and sooths contained in it.

            It is striking that it contains phrases and even whole plots that have later become part of the Bible and Koran. That’s how the Indians did the honor to world culture – they retained the unique relics of Altai. They retained for humankind something the Turki themselves have discreditably lost…

            The legends of native lands of newcomers are transformed into the legends of Shambala. Shambala – their faraway land – had geographical coordinates; it started from the bottom of Sambyl-Taskhyl mountain in the basin of the Khan-Tengri river. It turns out this information is also reliable. The Tengri (Tengeri) river is in Altai. Khan-Tengri top is well-known; it is situated where modern boundaries of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan – the Turkic states – come together. According to the legend, there – behind the icy haze – towns, monasteries and tabernacles are hidden. Maybe they remained, even though in ruins, but no one of our contemporaries has ever searched for them. 

 

            ● There are different variants of spelling of this name: Shambhala, Shambkhala, Shambala. It seems it ascends to the phrase qam baluq (qma baluq – kambaluk – chambaluk – shambaluk - shambala) consisting of two ancient Turkic words: qam (clergyman) and baluq (town, fortress). Translation – Town (Fortress) of a Clergyman, which accurately reflects the legends of Shambala of ancient northern Buddhists. The head of a monastery is called shamo in Tibet.

 

            The Aksu river flows in Altai. The founder of the Sun Dynasty of Indian tsars was born on its banks, as it is written in history of that country. Mysterious Shambala was well-known on the Hindustan; it was regarded as the cell of monks who had sacred knowledge, or the house of human intellectual elite. Who knows, maybe that’s how it really was?

            By the way, Altai is the native land of legendary Arians. Much has been written in India about it, but one should be able to read it.

 

            ● See detailed information in: Bongard-Levin G.M., Grantovskiy E.A. From Scythia to India. Ancient Arians: Myths and History. Verbitskiy V.I., Altaic Foreigners.

 

            Much people used to search for the mythical Shambala, but nobody managed to find it. They think it is hidden in an inaccessible valley of Tibet where mortal life adjoins the sense of heavens. Such opinion was expressed by leading Orientalists that (alas!) did not know geography of the Turkic world, and certain people such as N.M. Przhevalskiy, the traveler and ethnographer, N.K. Rerikh, the philosopher, E.P. Blavatskaya, the enlightener and other researches who used to search for the mysterious country agreed with it due to their ignorance.

            Maybe there were some reasons for the “Tibetan” theme, but… Another “but”.

            The scientists were really mistaken and thus they failed to fund anything. They were searching in a wrong place! The mistake was their first step – the idea of an expedition to Tibet. Not having the map of the Time, not knowing the roots of the Great Nations Migration it was impossible to read the ancient legend and find information hidden in it. A person with a blindfold will inevitably fall down and stop his way sooner or later.

            Here it is important to understand that our planet was being inhabited not spontaneously, not by someone's will but under demographic laws. That is the system of knowledge – the science – that is called social geography. Any migration has its peculiarities and interrelations: in production, transport, everyday life. At that each migration component has its own role in expansion of territories. Nothing happens (and can never happen!) by chance here, there are no unconsidered actions; the Time gives rise to events and puts everything in its right place. Life is the price for a mistake here.

            Only a prepared nation is able to move to new lands and live there. Those were only the Turki who could do it two and a half thousand years ago after a scientific and technological revolution in Altai. And we should remember that. Nobody in the world would use iron items to the same extent as the Turki. Nobody had that perfect animal transport, construction technologies and architecture.

            In the XIX century, when they started to talk about Shambala, the scientists knew nothing of Altai, its unique nature, facilities and culture. It was a blank page. Not much was known until archeologists came there. For some reason Rerikh didn’t notice it either. Why didn’t his heart stand still? Because it was empty… He didn’t have enough knowledge! Having disguised the history of Altaic Turki, Russian authorities thus stalemated world science and even recognized scientists were making mistakes – they had a bad “compass” on their way – they didn’t know that belief in Heavenly God came to Tibet and Hindustan from Altai – it originated and had its deep roots there.

            Being not sufficiently familiarized with events, scientists neglected certain important facts. For instance, the fact that native Tibetans and Indians called themselves “non-Arians” thus emphasizing that not they came from the North. The fact is indicative, it was written in a legend!     It is confirmed by another fact that is also disregarded: the word “Arian” is concordant with the ancient Turkic word “aryg” (pure, sacred, noble)… Much has been said about it in Indian legends, but Turcologists and Orientalists have always disregarded these facts; they were not interesting for scientists.       

            Lamaism, the northern branch of Buddhism, remained in Tibet. That is another reserve of the eastern culture! It appeared much later. Its foundations were laid in the I century at the IV Buddhist Council by Altaic Turki, the tsar Kanishka referred to below was honored to approve the new belief. Not only Altai, but also Mongolia, Buryatia, Kalmykia, Tuva – continuous keepers of that religion – still remember him.

            That wasn’t by chance that Buddhist pilgrims came there – to Altai, to the Central Asia – on order to “make progress in belief and obtain sacred texts” – that’s how pilgrims from China determined their goals in 260. The word “obtain” should be noted – it meant to get paper – kagit – as it was called then.

            For a Turkologist Lamaism is interested due to the fact that it retained customs deriving from Altaic ceremonies. It also knows the immortal name of Tengri. It is obvious that eastern religion is a unique relict of spiritual culture of humankind. It is the branch of “Hanif belief”, it is noticeable for Monotheism but with another understanding of the highest image remaining within the frames of Buddhism.

           

● In Lamaism there is no God, Creator or Supreme Being. As far as we know, the cult of Buddha and bodhisattvas was formed there. Maytreya (Maydar, Maydari) plays a special part there – the only bodhisattva acknowledged by all schools of Buddhism. As the Turki were moving, worship of Maytreya (under the name of Mitra, Mikhra, Mhera) appeared in cultures of nations taking shape of an independent religious cult. And that is indicative! These are the signs of the contact of cultures that started after the Great Nations Migration.

 

            One would think – everything is evident – here is Altai, here is Lamaism. But it was also disregarded, which, unfortunately, is not a surprise any longer: Lamaism followed the Turkic religion. Under the official conspiracy of politicians and the Western clergy, the term “Lamaism” has been eliminated from European scientific language since 1970. It was secretly forbidden. That religion was also sentenced to oblivion by the West… Nothing can be added. Another fact to swallow like bitter medicine and wince.

            … Altai, the same as the image of Tengri, had not been forgotten in India for a long time – until western colonizers came. Is that by chance that Buddha is still depicted with blue (“Arian”, as the Indians will say) eyes? Isn't it a backwash of forgotten happenings? For instance, those connected with unknown people that came from the North. Because the Indians called those people not only the Nagas and Arians; participants of the second and third wave of the migration bore the names of Saks, Shaks, Shakies. They were also the Altaians: with blue eyes, red hair and fair skin, they also rode horses and wore the same clothes, they had the same traditions and culture… Is it another coincidence?

            Certainly not, the Great Nations Migration had its face. Even in clothes. That is the culture of the nation, its unique traces cannot be confused. The roads of the ancient world led not to Rome but to Altai… Archeologists registered the presence of the Saks in Pamir and Hindu Kush from the beginning of the V century B.C. They also fixed their routs. Much of scientific literature is dedicated to the culture of the Saks – classical works by S.V. Kiselev and S.I. Rudenko should be emphasized. The work by K.A. Akishev, an outstanding archeologist who has made a unique discovery stands apart. He published ancient Turkic inscriptions found by him in burial places of the Saks – those were runic writings that opened the language of the Saks for the world and allowed to assert that the Saks are one of the Turkic hordes.

            At least they spoke the Turkic language, wore Turkic clothes and rode horses.

            It should be mentioned that the Akishev's discovery is very important. Because scientists dealing with the Great Nations Migration didn’t use the word “Turki”, they used the terms “Saks”, “Scythians” etc. Their caution had political reasons: the West and Soviet Union were jointly struggling against “Pan-Turkism” and grimly extirpated everything Turkic in Europe and their colonies. In such conditions even fair scientists were forced to temporize with their conscience so as to avoid persecution and continue their work.

            And what else could they do? They worked under surveillance and, as the censorship required, were loyal speaking of the Iranian language of the Saks and Scythians. They tried not to go into details concerning the term “Iranian language”… But a lot of discoveries were made at those times. As a matter of fact – everything we know today.

            Akishev's work was a breakthrough in science – the oppressed truth triumphed in it.

            In this connection we cannot go without the conclusion to which professor Rudenko came after his fascinating expeditions to Altai: ”Archeological excavations in the Mountain Altai showed that in the 1^st millennium B.C. an original and outstanding culture existed here…”. He was not allowed to say more; politicians guarded their dark secrets, but even this brief phrase was the victory of the truth – it was the result of long work. Items of the Turkic culture found in excavations spoke for themselves better than thousands of words.

            Unfortunately a lot of facts from the study of the Great Nations Migration are concealed only because of politicians. “Blank pages” are everywhere. And there are a lot of ambiguous things, for instance, why were not all the newcomers to Hindustan followers of Monotheism? It seems a spiritual dispute grew warm after the new religion came to Altai, which divided the nation – that’s how it should have been. One part of the Altaians accepted the belief in Tengri – Heavenly God and His protection and their opponents left native lands having lost the dispute?.. Or not? These are very interesting questions waiting for a researcher.

            What if actually in consciousness of the Altaians there were different conceptions of the world? Isn't that the reason of appearance of religions and religious schools in the East after every new wave of the Great Nations Migration?

            That is very interesting. Because Buddhism arose on Hindustan after the Turki had come there. A certain man now known as Siddhartha Gautama came to the next conclusion looking for the meaning of life: Monotheism is impossible (that is an evident continuation of the spiritual dispute which existed in Altai at that time). The philosophy suggested expressed thoughts that perplexed the compatriots.

 

            ● There are Altaic legends of Tengri-Tedygech (predictor) that “wrote the teaching of the belief and argued with people in his own way asserting that they shouldn’t pray as they used to and that the real belief is the belief he wrote about”.

 

            Our world is not permanent, thought that wise Turki, but the essence of existence is in its impermanence. Any moment of life is not like the previous one. Everything around us and we ourselves are permanently moving, every moment something is born and something dies. Consequently man doesn’t have his permanent “self”, since he is not permanent either, he is moving… And in this case how can eternal soul be in question? And eternal God? Life is a succession of moments every single one of which gives place to the next by its disappearance…

            A thought is simpler than a drop of water but it reflects the essence of existence.

            For that genial insight that cannot be expressed by the words Siddhartha Gautama was called Buddha, which meant “Clarified”. His philosophy gave rise to a new religious teaching. Today Buddhism is the most popular religion in the world, and then, in the days of Buddha it was practiced only by inhabitants of the Northern India – by those who came from Altai.  

 

            ● As D. Kosambi noticed, “in its native land – in India – Buddhism didn’t hold its ground; today remainders of Buddhism remained only in the north-east of the country to some extent. Such decline of Buddhism in the country where it was born is in strange contradiction with its success outside India. Even today a majority of educated Indians would be indignant if someone tells them that Buddhism that they regard as a temporary aberration is the most important contribution of their country to world culture”.

 

            And another fact is even more interesting: legends of the Nagas have become the part of the Buddhist mythology – according to the legend Buddha preached to them. They became the keepers of the most important Buddhist text - Prajnaparamitahrdaya-sutra. And Siddhartha Gautama himself regenerated into a Naga several times before becoming Buddha.

            Another thing is also interesting – native Indians called Buddha Shakyamuni, which literally means “Turkic god”. And the Turki called him Tanghri Burkhan, i.e. Tengri's Messenger. That’s why he is still drawn with blue eyes, the same as all other Turki. They don’t know another Altaic appearance there. In Nepal, near Rummindei, there is a column where the name of the founder of Buddhism is carved – the name of a human being from Shakya family who came from the North.   

            The column was raised in the III century B.C. It marks the place where Buddha Shakyamuni, “the sage from Shakya family” or “the Turkic God” was born.

            The tsar Kanishka accompanied Buddha's image on coins by the inscriptions “Sakamano Boddho” and “Bogo Boddho”. The first inscription emphasized the belonging of Buddha to the Turki and the second is translated as “God Buddha”. That is to say that starting from the I century he was identified with Tengri, which was logical for the Northern Hindustan and Middle East that were absorbing the Altaic culture.

            Much is in common between the belief in Tengri and the belief in Buddha, but at the same time there are many differences. It is natural and not accidental.

            Buddha's ash was buried under a barrow (dagoba) on a crossing according to the last will of the Master and a Turkic tradition. So that any stranger could pay tribute to him and have an opportunity to be born in heavens in the next life. (By the way, the word “dagoba” is translated from Sanskrit as “ground barrow”). In that barrow there was a camera to store relics. The barrow itself was girded by a road for a solemn clockwise walk (posolon)… These are the facts speaking for themselves. But they also give rise to certain thoughts.

            Why aren’t there any Buddhists in India – the native land of Buddhism?

            The situation is unexpected and it is unlikely to explain it not knowing a changeable and sometimes contentious Turkic temper. The decline of Buddhism started in the Middle Ages when the sultan Makhmud Gaznevi came to the Hindustan and strengthened Islam there – millions of people again returned to classic Monotheism having become Moslems. The rest turned to Hinduism having brought Buddhist traditions into it – thus they were called “Hindu Buddhists”.

            However there were those who remembered the belief of their ancestors – Tengri. Not less than fifty million people live with that “old new” belief in Heavenly God in India. They are neither Buddhists, neither Moslems, nor Christians. They have other ceremonies, other symbols, they recognize Tengri's equilateral cross and not Christ's cross. Are they Hanifs? The Western Church calls them Christians of St. Thomas“, “Arians”, “Nestorians”; it has been desperately trying to convert them since the XIV century. In 1775, for instance, in Rome they published “Catholicized” service books of “the Christians of St. Thomas” – that forgery was primarily for the Indians. But they failed.

            Colonial seizure of Hindustan did not help break the spirit of the people. The colonizers, having approved of inquisition, buried Indian clergymen and ancient service books. They killed parishioners. Later Catholics were changed by Anglican clergymen – they’ve also done a good job. As a result much has been lost from former history of the Hanifs and their ceremonies. But not everything.

            It is possible that that is the only place on the Earth where fragments of the Altaic belief remained? Who knows… We know that nothing leaves without a trace. Unfortunately Turcologists have never visited this place. And traces of the past are usually revealed unexpectedly when nobody is waiting for them. It was noticed that reasons of great victories, the same as sources of great rivers, are barely perceptible. But they exist! All one has to do is find them if one knows where to search and for what one is searching.

            Iron is another example – its history on Hindustan is expressive and detailed; it also shows that the truth cannot be abolished.

            Western researches still want to do India the native land of iron due to its multiple ancient traces. However, carbon analysis of findings put everything it its right place; censorship can do nothing here. Mass distribution of iron commenced in the VI – III centuries B.C. And that coincides with the arrival of the Altaians. That’s when iron became a common material in India of which weapons, agricultural equipment and tools were produced. The Turki taught the Indians to plow with iron ploughs, take in the harvest with iron sickles, which is shown by legends and confirmed by archeologists' reports.

           

            How can one object here?.. Words are the shadows of deeds, as people say in the West. Even ploughs found during excavations in Altai and the history of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh unite separate facts concerning the “Indian” Turki.

           

            ● In the North of India iron was occasionally found during excavations of layers of “culture of gray painted ceramics” of the XII – XI centuries B.C. They are connected with arrival of the tribe of “steppe circle” (Arians). But such findings are seldom. In the South appearance of iron is also explained only by external influences pointing to a specific character of burial places of those times and burials of horses as well as findings of items connected with horse breeding.

 

            Famous Indian cavalry also appeared after the arrival of the Altaians. Another fact that cannot be disregarded. Archeologists' findings convince stronger than words: bridles, saddles, bailers were taken from Altaic barrows. Ornaments and shapes are practically undistinguishable – they are absolutely identical. And the same goes with remains of horses.

            Judging by found ancient remains, Altaic horses were excellent stallions. Being 150 cm and even more in height, they “were at least as good as the best horses of the world if not outclassed them”, as the notable scientist, professor S.I. Rudenko wrote about his findings in Altai in 1953. Those stallions were closer to Akhaltecian “Turkmen” horses and, of course, did not resemble steppe horses.

            Traces of a centuries-old selection are more than just noticeable in them. Both in India and Altai. Everybody can understand what it means.

            I suppose only one thing can be added – in the Turkic language there are more than forty epithets meaning horse colors. Only colors! None of world languages is that rich in “horse” terms… It turns out, in Altai horse breeding was really known not by hearsay. How can one be surprised, when children there were firstly taught to ride a horse and then to walk.  

            Researches agree that cavalry was peculiar only to the northern army and that it was connected with the Saks (Arians), born horse breeders who entrusted their destiny to a horse both in battles and in times of peace. In India where many nations lived only they – the northerners – were known as horse worshippers. Other nations did without horses – they cared about elephants, buffalos and camels breeding.

 

            ● Ceremonies of horses sacrifice should be mentions – the Turki retained them for thousands of years. In ancient Indian mythology it was called “ashvamedkha”. “A horse purposely selected was set free, but the tsar (or an appointed commander) followed it with a host. Masters of regions where that horse was running were either to obey the tsar – the owner of the horse – or fight with him. In a year the horse was taken to the capital and sacrificed in the presence of conquered inhabitants” – that’s how historians describe that ceremony. That was not a murder of an animal. It performed its function. The sacrifice was accompanied by three ritual hearths and a big altar directed to the East… In Altai this ceremony existed as far back as the XIX century. In India it was forgotten earlier – after the country was colonized by the English.

            It is interesting that the Turki had the saying: “Where horse hoof steps, it is our land”.

           

            A horse was everything in the North of Hindustan. It was treated like a family member. And it couldn’t be otherwise – that was a tradition. According to the legend Nasatya (Ashvins) appeared from the nose of a horse (an Altaic plot!). 54 hymns are dedicated to it in “Rigveda”. They were the youngest gods in the divine pantheon of Hindustan – they banished the darkness and thus in the morning people would pray only them. Worship of brothers began and continued during the Vedic epoch and after that it turned into Hinduism having become part of its ceremonies.

            Nasatya, an Arian name, the Indians translate as “born by a horse” not knowing that its stem has an ancient Turkic expression “anasy at” (literally: “their mother is a horse”).

            It is indicative that in Altai there are legends of twins – heroes born by a horse. In this connection an ancient Khakas epos “Ai-Huuchin” is very interesting – a virgin and her twin brother who became her horse are its heroes. The plot is very similar to the Vedic one that one can hardly say where that ancient legend appeared – in Altai or in India? The Turki were not regarded as guests on Hindustan for a long time. Their children became its citizens for whom the peninsula was turning into a native land.

            A very expressive reformation – it was typical for the times of the Great Nations Migration. The newcomers were becoming the natives.

            Under a rough estimate it turns out that family trees of perhaps every fifth Indian or Pakistani start with Turkic roots. However, in effect it could be even more. These are hundreds of million of people. Their faces are recognizable even today; their blood keeps the genes of Altaic ancestors, which can perplex even sophisticated biologists and geneticists. But even the most unbelievable reality, as far as we know, is just the continuation of the past – that’s what Buddhism teaches.  

            Of course such resemblance cannot be seen in those faces at once since not every wedding was carried out in accordance with Turkic rules in India. There were also mixed marriages. Daughters of the Turki married local men for the purpose of peace-enforcement, which is also confirmed by legends of the Nagas and Arians. Their women became beloved wives of rulers and heroes… What else can be said? Life required that injustice.  

            The Sun Dynasty – one of two tsarist families – had power on Hindustan for many centuries. The Dynasty was founded by Ikshvaku; according to his family tree in the V century B.C. he came with his people from Altai where he lived in the valley of the Aksu river. His Grandfather's name was Adja. Having seated on the throne, Ikshvaku pledged the town of Ayodkhya (Ajodakha) – the capital of Koshala (from the ancient Turkic expression “kosh al”- “add and conquer”). The town still stands – there is the Museum of the Sun Dynasty with a lot of information about Altai and its people. It seems that is the only museum dedicated to the Turki in the world. There is even a list of tsars made across the generations.

            Ayodkhya, as any other town, had its ups and downs. For some time it was called the capital of the Northern Hindustan because of influence of Koshal that included the territory of modern Pakistan. After that the town declined and fell into desolation, after which another rise took place.

            With the arrival of the Altaians life on Hindustan became disquiet. Pakistan and India still fail to sort out their relationship. So many centuries, so many wars. And no perspectives. Because the Turki are fighting on both sides – the Turki that have forgotten themselves and their customs. They shall never surrender. They will keep on fighting to the bitter end. The reason of their dispute was Kashmir and its temples which were the places of pilgrimages of the Altaians.

            Should the sacred Kashmir be Indian or Pakistani? This question keeps on the alert. It was skillfully raised by colonizers for whom it was important to make the free nation fight, to make Kashmir the hearth of permanent strain. Not peace but wars.

            And nobody told the Indians and Pakistani that it is improper to fight where our common ancestors prohibited even to talk loudly.

            The river on which Ayodkhya stands is called Saraya – here is another example of the Turkic toponymy on Hindustan. The name points to the palace that stood on the bank. And that is true – that was the capital with palaces, temples, beautiful houses. Tsar's palace gave the name to the river.

            In 1996 professor E.M. Murzaev, the well-known expert in toponymy, wrote as follows: “It is generally admitted that the Central Asia was the native land of the ancient Turki. It is likely that Turkic toponymy also originated here. Place names were spreading from here together with people… up to Tibet, India, Karakoram Range, North Africa. And of course the age of the Turkic toponymy varies: the farther from the center, the younger it is… in the Central Asia it is about three thousand years old”.

            Toponyms on the map are not silent!

            Take, for instance, “Hindustan”… How did this word appear? Isn't it connected with Tatarstan, Kazakhstan, Dagestan? In the Turkic language “stan” means “country”, “habitat”. And the Turki were moving to Hindustan in families; their migration lasted for centuries. They were becoming local elite and thus were entitled to name this or that region as they wanted. Their high position in society is shown in family trees of certain aristocratic families, for example, maharajas Udaypura, Djodhpura, Djaypura – all of them originate far from India – in Altai. The Indians called these people the Rajasthans, Rajputas, and their ancestors – the Saks, Huns, Turki (in Sanskrit “rajah putra” means “son of the tsar”).

            They were the rulers of Indian rajaships… That is written in Indian books. There is nothing new in it.

            A special book should be written about Urdu language – the official language of Pakistan and certain northern states of India. It is widespread and it is archly called a dialect of Hindi. However, it is not clear why it is full of Turkic words and expressions. And construction of phrases is also Turkic. Why very few Indians understand Urdu while any Azerbaijanian can easily speak it several days after coming?

            It seems that is the ancient dialect of the Turkic language – Oguz dialect. But it is practically impossible to convince linguists of it. And how can it be done since they find in Urdu plenty of Arab, Persian words and… not a single Turkic one? Lack of foresight.

            It is pertinent to note in this connection that in the XV century Vasco da Gama, having “discovered” India for the Europeans for the second time, had no difficulty talking to maharajas. They spoke close dialects of one language and understood each other. That was the Turkic language which at that time was spoken both in Europe and the Northern India and left an inerasable trace in “base Latin” of the West as well as in Urdu of Pakistan and India.  

            In order to deny that one would have to provide some unlikely arguments. Or to lie.

            By the way, as every educated person of that time, Columbus also knew the Turkic language. Setting a historical sail he took the letter to the Great Khan of India. The letter, of course, was written in the Turkic language. The discoverer of America, meeting the Indians of the New World, exclaimed in surprise: “They don’t understand Turkic!”. And thus there was a lot to doubt – he understood that he had arrived not to India.

 

            ● Base Latin, so-called Vulgate peculiar to the West of the Middle Ages, is referred to later.

 

            Marco Polo has also written a lot about khanates of the Turki on Hindustan and in Iran; almost one third of his “Book” is dedicated to them – on certain pages the words “Great Khan” and “the Tartars” appear perhaps in every line. In the XIV century those were the rulers of the West – they ruled as they wanted and lived as they could. Servants of the Pope hadn’t befuddled them yet.

            The famous Venetian traveler also described the “Karans” – a Moslem nation that used to roam mountain steppes – those were the aborigines headed by the Turki who preferred to ride horses. Modern Pakistan and Afghanistan were the provinces where Turkic speech was common in towns and villages. Other natives of Altai were called the Pushtuns - they had more Turkic spirit than can be found in Tartar villages of Russia: divisions for the same tukhums (families), thee same peoples traditions and ceremonies… Everything is the same, everything is Turkic, everything remained.

            To tell the truth, Western ethnographers after Marco Polo haven’t called the Turki with this name. It is not customary. Other names were invented for them… But that happened in terms of politics. By the way, the hero of Pakistani epos bears the name of Altaic Adamkhan. Traces of the olden times remained in clothes of the nomadic nation (bloomers, kalpaks, vestment) and in food (sour milk, dry cheese, mutton broth, kebabs). They don’t have feasts without horse-races, weddings without jesters with their noisy retinues.

            Felt decorated with “Altaic” ornament is an obligatory attribute of every Turkic family, any home. What else do ethnographers need?

            Language, way of life, history – everything is present. There is no recognition, since the Church prohibited to call the white color white.

 

            ● By different estimates, the number of tribes inhabiting modern Afghanistan reaches four hundred. Taimen (sub-ethnic groups: Kypchak, Durzai, Khazara-Taimen, Kakar), Firuzkukhs, Djemshids, Gilzais, Mogols, Teimurs, Charaimaks and dozens of others – are evident descendants of the natives of Altai; “Turkic elements” participated in their ethnogeny even according to official reference books. Thus their bellicosity and invincibility is easily explained – it has deep roots. For these people – as for real Turki – there is nothing to fear.

            Archeologists found items witnessing of their Altaic origin in Afghanistan more than once. But excavations in the north of Afghanistan (the town of Tillia-Tepe) provided researchers with unique materials. Six two thousand year-old burial places of tsars were found there. The burial ceremony, clothes, implements, objects of art, burial of horses and decorations – everything pointed to connections with Altai, but nobody has ever freely said that. It was not further than “Turkic elements”. While an original culture should be in question! The Great Nations Migration.  

 

            … Hindustan and Altai lived as a united country – they were connected by Biysk and later by Nerchinsk tract. And the first road to India was the “Hanging Passage” – the mysterious road of ancient times – today only legends and hanging bridges which have been built in Pamir and Tibet since then remind of it. Altaic riders passed mountain rivers and bottomless abysses on “hanging” bridges.

            They rode astride above clouds. Like celestials! Those were other times with other people; they had a superior purpose – to bring their belief.

            Tien Shan mountains, the first obstacle on the way to Hindustan, was called Tengritag – Tengri Mountain. Roads to the south opened only for those getting over it. Pilgrims used to walk along that road for centuries. They wanted to visit Kailas – the sacred mountain.

            For those who lived in the East it was a great pleasure to see Kailas – this adornment of the world. They thought that anybody who saw it would be happy for the rest of his life. Kailas was the resting place of Tengri. As a matter of fact, the mountain is the temple created by the Most High; all buildings raised by men are just its copies, according to a legend.

            Kashmir, its Golden Temple, for which people are fighting today, was the next goal of pilgrims.

 

 

PERSIAN MELODIES OF THE TURKIC ANTHEM

           

Not only the Northern Hindustan was perceiving Heavenly God.

            Long before the Common Era “white strangers” of Altai arrived to the Middle East which represented a pitiful sight: the country was declining, it was exhausted by wars with Babylon. The locals themselves invited the Altaians and entrusted their fate to them. They had no choice – that was the only way to be saved from Babylonian slavery.

            The date of coming of the first wave of the Great Nations Migration here, in contrast to India, is not known, but the dynasty of Achemenids reminds of it – it came to power in 558 B.C. The tsar Cyrus was the first of all Altaic tsars; he created a great country known as Persia. He conquered a half of the ancient world, including Egypt, Babylon and the whole Mesopotamia, for which he was called the Great.

            The tsar belonged to a noble family; a panther was its patron. It seems hence is the name of the country which Cyrus founded – Parsa (Persia) (“panther” is pronounced as “bars” in Russian). That is the Turkic word connected with people of the “Arian seed” who came from the north – that’s how the Achemenids described themselves.

            There is another opinion on this point. In the Turkic language “pars” also means “tiger”, but tigers have never lived in Altai, unlike in the Middle East. It is possible that a tiger became the patron of the tsarist family after Persia had appeared. Thus the image of the winged panther appeared in Altaic arts.

            The country of the “tiger” (or panther?) prospered, the tsar was deified, he was called Messiah, i.e. sent by the Savior to the Earth in order to establish his reign forever. Later that plot appeared in the Revelation. Those were the first horsemen headed by a white leader; the whole world saw it… And it showed surprise. An epoch-making event!

            The core of Cyrus's army was formed of “the immortal” – a thousand of best riders. Wearing armors and helmets, they were the lifeguard of the tsar. They were called the Khazars… It was all new in Persia. Everything was gorgeous and amazing. The same as in Altai.

            In the Turkic language the name Cyrus means “begin”, i.e. “one from whom the family begins”.

            However, Persia was even more successful under Darius who was famous not for wars but for the state reform. He launched the state structure of Altai in his country, which has made his name immortal. That was perhaps the first administrative reform in the world on the model of the Turki.

            The Turki ran Persia for about two centuries, they achieved a lot, but their power was undermined. Priests of old beliefs turned out to be stronger; their conspiracies made the prosperous country fall without any resistance. The tsar could have made them obey, but he didn’t. He could have killed them, but he didn’t. He showed toleration since he knew from his ancestors: belief cannot be imposed. That was the reason of the end of Achemenids dynasty.

            How exactly did the dynasty perish? History doesn’t have reliable facts on this point; one can only turn to peoples legends which are as follows. The tsar was killed by his nationals, which was in accordance with traditions of Altai. If the tsar could not make the nation prosper, he – the Lord's Anointed – was killed in the public, or, more preciously, he was sacrificed. That was the tradition. The Turkic leader was not allowed to make a mistake, otherwise ho was not a leader…   

            Religious passions of the Great Persia made it dance like autumn leaves in the wind… Alexander the Great had nothing to do with its fall. It is possible that he has never been to Persia at all – his campaign seems to be very unlikely; it looks like a mediocre myth where the author didn’t trouble himself substantiating his assertions.

            The years of disorders in Persia (or in what remained of it) lasted for long until, finally, the power was taken by the newcomer from Altai – his name was khan Arsak. He was from a tsarist family but he didn’t call himself with the name of “bad” Achemenids. And he did not dare use their emblem. His name is translated as “the Red Sak”. He founded the tsarist dynasty of Arshakids and a new country – Parthia with an Altaic falcon as its symbol. It happened in 250 B.C. Since then the Middle East has become intimate with the Turkic culture forever – it dominated in towns, minds and hearts of enlightened people.

            The words of Messiah (the Savior) became real.

            The new country (part of former Persia) was raising and becoming strong rapidly. Legends of Aji-Dakha shed light on that history connected with the Great Nations Migration. But in Iran there is less information about those days in comparison with India. And this information is not in sight.

            Aji-Dakhaka was a foreign tsar who obtained power in the Middle East. Ancient epos depicts him as a serpent, dragon (like Nagas in India). It is known that Aji-Dakhaka was struggling for belief in Heavenly God, however, not everybody understood him. Most people remained fire-worshippers; Monotheism was alien to them… As a matter of fact, it was the same historical plot as in India – the natives were unwillingly converted into the belief of newcomers adhering to the former spiritual culture. Only the elite were changing their belief; they wanted to find a compromise between new and old population.

            Appearance of Zoroastrianism and later Manichaeism in Persia had its reasons. Those two religions “adjusted” the Turkic belief to local conditions. And they were successful in it. Hence is the reason of fall of Achemenids who wanted to do a very difficult and risky thing – to change peoples consciousness. It seems the rulers went wrong to an extent and overestimated something; they placed confidence in some people and were left overboard. History of spiritual culture knows plenty of similar examples when strong dynasties fell because of religious contradictions in society. The first Altaic dynasty in Persia suffered that sorrowful fate. Everything could not be good. After all, those were different nations and different cultures…

            Analysis of that distant conflict opened the unexpected. It turns out, there were more Turki than aboriginals in Persia. It seems unlikely, but still. Such proportion still remains in the Middle East. Today the population of Iran is called the Iranians, but the paradox is that that’s how the newcomers, i.e. the Turki, were called. Population was not called the Iranians under Achemenids and Arshakids.

            The aboriginals in Persia were fire-worshippers. They were the people of another spiritual culture and another anthropological group. Even Monotheism (its pre-Islamic and Islamic interpretation) accepted by Persia did not change consciousness of those people. Fire-worshippers always remained in the Middle East. They were the children of their parents. Swarthy, narrow-faced with black luminous eyes, not very tall – those were the descendants of the nation (or nations?) that invited the Turkic tsars.

            At the same time most of Iranian Moslems today are the Turki who also call themselves the Iranians. They changed their language but not appearance – they have another – Turkic (!) – body structure, which comes as no surprise. From the times of Aji-Dakhan those descendants of the Altaians used to pray Tengri (Khodai) and live morosely – in settlements and auls. The youth was taught under Altaic rules there, it was taught three things – to ride a horse, to shoot using a bow and to speak the truth. And the people passed memories of their ancestors that served at court of Aji-Dakhak across the generations. They retained the warmest words, the most intimate and sincere ones. The tsars of Arshakids dynasty that strengthened Monotheism in the Middle East were in question.

            It is indicative that power of those tsars did not cover the whole territory of former Persia, which is primarily the evidence of tolerance of the rulers, of their legibility and wisdom. They did not strive to show their strength in spiritual life and, nonetheless, attracted more and more new countries sending their relatives as rulers there.

            States that hadn’t formerly existed appeared in place of Persia – Parthia, Bactria, Armenia, Syria and others – they were all distinguished by spiritual culture. Every country had its own clergy, but the dynasty of the rulers was the same everywhere. And of course that did not affect progress. Altaic impact is evident here; it is read in archeological findings, documents, ethnographic sketches.

            Altaic traces are especially evident in Parthia. Its lands included the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and stretched to the south up to the river Indus. Part of those lands is now called Azerbaijanian Iran; its population still knows the Turkic language.

            Relatives of Parthian tsars ruled in Armenia, Media, Caucasian Albania. That was a very strong dynasty; it represented perhaps the whole Middle East in politics of the ancient world. Parthia successfully competed with Rome; it was the center of spiritual culture – the image of Heavenly God and Altaic traditions dominated there. In the I century B.C. the country reached its climax; its glory was spreading all over the world.

            The backwash of that glory remained in the Revelation. It is full of belief into horsemen arrival so as to release nations from Rome's power.

            Scientists have been arguing about who Arshakids were for a long time, and they fail to come to any conclusion. Because certain important details are disregarded while disputing. For instance, the tsar's seal that is kept in the National Museum of Iran. Distinct Turkic runes can be seen on it. Maybe for some scientists it is not a proof, but coins and gems of the tsars witness of the same. Their writing also gives evidence of Turkic origin. And the language… What else do they need to say who Arshakids were?

            However, their family tree is ascribed to any nation, but not to the Turki.

            These evidences disturb confidence to the studies of Iran which neglected not the tsar's seal, not their documents and history, even worse – there is connection between Altai, the Great Nations Migration and Persia. Researchers “did not mention” the connection allowing to draw an important conclusion: Iran is the heir of Parthian culture. That’s why Islam has its face – Shiism – here; it is the top of Altaic Monotheism in the modern world. That is an early branch of Islam – the most conservative one.

            The Shias keep the past almost untouched… Because after Persia Parthia with its “Hanifs” existed for five hundred years and after that – Iran. And nothing else!.. Culture was not changing, it just changed its names. Of course the tsar's seal is not the only evidence of it – it is confirmed by the whole history of the Middle East.

            They started to distort the past in the times of Sasanids who deposed the tsarist dynasty. For the successors who proclaimed themselves not tsars but shahs it was very important to humiliate their predecessors and they introduced the term “Iran” trying to extirpate the memories of Parthia, Arshakids and Altai, but they did it awkwardly. By the way, renewed Zoroastrianism became the official religion of Iran and its clergy consisted of mages and priests… Interesting scientific researches were written on this subject.  

            It turns out Sasanids doubly shortened the term of Arshakids' reign in the official chronology and laid their hands on foreign achievements. They were making everyone forget about the Turkic Parthia, which was later reflected even in “Shahnama” – “The Book about the Tsars”, but they failed to change existing culture: Islam appeared in the world of the Middle East – Monotheism was back and the power of Sasanids ended.

            R. Fry, the American Orientalist analyzed discovered facts. He wrote: “We know about the Parthians less than about their predecessors”. The tradition of slander established by Zoroastrian priests existed for a long time and it is even possible to assert that it still exists. In the West Parthian period was simply ignored even in major scientific works as though it has never existed, the same as the Turki in Iran.  

            Is that science?

           

            ● There are two directions in studies of history and culture of Parthia. The first is connected with scientists like M. Delafoix; his work was published in Paris in 1885 and by now it has gone out of date. For him the Parthians (or the Turki) are a “rough barbarous nation… which hordes are similar to those of Attila”.  This phrase made it all clear about himself and the sponsor of his “researches”; they denied Parthia so as to conceal its culture and the contribution in development of European civilization it has made.

            Of course such approach gave rise to a great many responses; at first it was all about doubts in alleged inferiority of Parthian culture. But it obtained evidentiary force after findings of archeologists during excavations in Dura-Europos (Tura-Europos) and the South Turkestan; such findings made even the most talkative foes lapse into silence and showed that their works are far from essence. In Parthia sources of unique arts and architecture were discovered; their impact is evident in antique creative works, which cannot be called into question. It turns out, Parthian craftsmen and artists were teaching the Greeks while the latter were creating their beautiful statues and palaces. 

 

            Of course frame-ups should not have been mentioned here at all, but there is one interesting thing in them – special attention should be paid to the name Iran (Eran, Ariana) or, more preciously, to its origin, since it conceals the unexpected.  

            Perhaps all the Orientalists see the word “Arian” in this name: Eran, Arianam – “country of the Arians”. But how did the toponym appear? And when? It turns out, it is connected with the arrive of Arsak khan, with Parthia, its lands and people were called “the empire of the Arians” or “Ariana”, as it is written in documents of those times. Historians agree that “Ariana… essentially coincided with the Parthian empire”. It coincided!

            That’s why the history of Parthia is interesting! Another name – Iran – appeared with coming of the second wave of the Turki and was later risen up by Sasanids who were suspecting nothing. Ariana Vedja – the toponym meaning Arian Vast – has been living in the Middle East since then. It relates only to the Turkic regions of Iran.

            Thus it is shown once again that the truth cannot be concealed.

            Arshakids also gave a new written language to the country: runes and cursive writing. They used to write with black ink on leather or crocks. In the history of Iran it has become known as “written language of Arshakids” and at the same time it was known in the East as “Sogdian or Uigur written language”.

 

            ● It is interesting that the German scientist D.G. Messersmidt who discovered ancient Turkic written language (Yenisei writings) was right when he mentioned that not all those signs were the runes – they were possible mixed with ancient Parthian characters of another type.

 

            … Before the coming of the Turki, i.e. before Persia appeared, as far as we know, wedge writing was used in the Middle East, and such writing had no impact on its further culture. It left without a trace. But the written language of the Parthians remained – it was called “Parsava” or “Pehlevi”. However that was not a new language; it was known in Persia… before Arshakids. To tell the truth, it was used only in commercial and international correspondence: in tsars' messages to Altai, Northern India, Armenia, Egypt. Why?

            Indeed, why was wedge writing (the language of inscriptions) official in Persia while “the written language of Arshakids” who… had gone for good was still used as an unofficial language? And on closer view that is perhaps the most mysterious thing. This situation is ordinary but at the same time it is indicative.  

            On the one hand it shows how cultural traditions were changing. And on the other – it is absurd caused by passions and madness. But it is just seeming absurd if to forget that as a matter of fact Turkic written language was in question – the language that Achemenids and all other “Altaians” used. Of course Arshakids are not the authors of that language since it had appeared many centuries before they obtained power. That was the language and the writings of their Altaic compatriots. In other words, that is another external sign of the Great Nations Migration. Its language!

            One would think, this is a strained misunderstanding with Iranian written language; it can be settled quickly. Well, no! That Turkic writings were ascribed to “one of Semitic languages”. And they called it Aramaic. However, one can easily come to that conclusion neglecting the Great Nations Migration.

            The author of the dubious hypothesis did not consider that the Semites were Babylonian slaves at that time and it would have never occurred to the rulers of the great Persia to turn the language of its slaves into the language of public law. Cyrus released the Jews from Babylonian captivity and allowed them to return to their native land (it happened in 515 B.C.). And that was it. Neither language nor writings were taken in return. He had his own written language.

            Everything in Persia was its own. It had strict features of a Turkic state, especially after reforms of Darius. Cavalry dominated in its army; it had not been known in the Middle East before, hence were all that great military successes. The Turki introduced the mounted postal service that delighted Herodotus. It means they wrote letters… Another witness of their uniqueness is the fact that Achemenids had non-Iranian names, which was mentioned even by researchers studying Iran… Was that by accident?

            And besides, which Aramaic written language can be in question since the Semites themselves did not have it?

            And here another interesting detail, that was also deliberately neglected, emerges. In the times of Achemenids the Jews who were released introduced the new Judaism: Torah became the law of Israel… And in the ancient Turkic language “torah” means “law”. It cannot be regarded as an accidental happening.

            The more so, as the books written by the organizer of the Jewish community – Ezdra (Ezra) and Nehemiah (Nihemiah) contain documents of Persian tsars and tell about the course of events of those times from their lips. Judaic-Israeli culture was being created for the “new Judaism”. The Bible was put together on the basis of Turkic liturgical codes which were also used while writing Vedas in India and Zend-Avesta in Persia. It stands to reason that a new edition of the Altaic spiritual heritage was in question.  

            And it is extremely important that it was all happening simultaneously on different territories of Eurasia!

            That is not denied even by Jewish orthodoxes – fragments of text of the Bible, Zend-Avesta and Vedas are identical, scientists found hundreds of “coincidences”. Not two, three or ten – hundreds of them! Hence is similarity of spiritual cultures of different nations of Eurasia, which shows that religion (yes, religion in its different aspects) originated from one and the same root. From Altaic Monotheism.

            That opinion was offered in the XIX century and even earlier. But it was not offered audibly.

            Cyrus, releasing the Jews and allowing to restore the Temple of Jerusalem on the territory dependent on Persia, did it in the name of Heavenly God. That is reported by the First Book of Ezdra citing Cyrus's order: “That says Cyrus, the Persian Tsar: reign and lands were given to me by the Lord – Heavenly God; and He ordered me to build a house in Jerusalem, Judea for Him” [(1) Ezd 1 2].

            That is from where the news of Heavenly God came to Judea. From Altai! From the East… From the Turki. They gave the name Jerusalem (Jerushalaim), where jer means “earth” and salem means “concord”, “spiritual testament”.  

            The Bible (Books of Haggai, Zachariah, Malachi) reflected new traditions which appeared in Judea and Palestine, in the Northern India and Persia itself at that time. That was perhaps one of the most important features of the epoch that meant a lot. Thus, by the example of the Jews, the Syrians called the Old Testament Bible Peshitta; in faraway India it was known under the same name. Why? Because the name goes back to the ancient Turkic besh ita - ”five giants”, five bases given to Moses. Five Books of Moses are considered to be the most ancient books of the Old Testament Bible… Coincidences cannot be in question here. It would be too blasphemous and foolish to call the birth of a new spiritual culture a simple coincidence.

            It sheds the light on appearance of the cults of Buddha in India and Yahve in Judea; Yahve was their guardian who was deemed to be the heavenly parallel to the tsar of Asia, i.e. Cyrus – these words were also taken from the Bible. The world did not know other heroes alike Cyrus. Zoroastrianism and Mitraism – the dogmatic religions – were waiting for their dawn, for which it was necessary to accept other traditions of Monotheism… And they accepted it and thus became religions and not beliefs.

            Turkic spiritual culture appeared in the West through renewed Judaism.

            In this connection it is also interesting that the word “book” is also of Turkic origin – it means “in a roll”. Ancient Torah was kept in rolls – on leather. And that is the Altaic method of “book printing”, the same as character of sacred writings.

            However, Jewish priesthood never tried to conceal that their state was created by virtue of Cyrus whom the Jews identified with Messiah – the Lord's Anointed, savior, “man of the truth” – Heavenly God “raised him from the East”… But it is better to read the Bible on this subject –for example, the Book of the Prophet Isaiah [Is 41 2; 45].

            That’s right, “Aramaic” written language that appeared at that time reminded of that of Altai or, more preciously, was its calligraphic variant, which is seen from comparative tables provided by D. Diringer in his book “Alphabet”. Unfortunately, the author, being very biased, ignored the Turkic alphabet describing ancient alphabets of the world. He did not even mention it! Instead, not suspecting anything, he compared Aramaic (Syrian) written language with that of Arshakids as well as Sogdian and Uigur writings. A striking similarity. And it let the author down.

            Not comparing events and time, he took the liberty of making a discouraging conclusion – that the written language of the Middle East originates from the Semites. However, Diringer was just expressing the opinion of the West that had not been analyzed for a long time. He did not consider that a written language is just the means of transferring confidential information for long distances; it was begot not by trade but by power, be the state. Changing of calligraphy is not an invention of a new written language.

            Aramaic inscriptions dated by the times before Achemenids, i.e. before the VI century B.C., are nonexistent in nature and they have never been in Syria itself. None of them. Even late ones.

            If western scientists were not afraid to face the truth, they would have seen that Uigur, Sogdian and Arshakid written language existed before appearance of “Aramaic” writings. And they mentioned it having found traces of the written language of more than three thousand years old (!) in the South Altai in 1923, but they kept silent.

            And if they had translated the word “Sogdian”, they would have written all their books otherwise. In the ancient Turkic language Sugda (that was the name of Sogdiana some time ago) meant “close to water” and related to the Turki that settled in oases of the Central Asia. The Sogdians are not a separate nation, which means their written language is not separate either. They were inhabitants of Persia, the Turki.

            But nonetheless the West should be respected for Diringer's words in the book “Alphabet”: “Brahmi written language is the great forefather of that in India; Korean alphabet and Mongolian writings originated from the same source as the Greek, Latin, runic, Jewish, Arab and Russian alphabets”, - which means from one source.

            The author did not name the forefather of the written language – Altai – but, knowing about the Great Nations Migration, we can do it by ourselves. Because two and two makes up four. In India, in Egypt, in Israel. Everywhere. Even in Korea where they don’t conceal their belonging to Altaic roots… “Achemenid empire, - marked one famous Orientalist, - was the only real empire and the Persian tsar was the only real tsar not for the Greeks only but also for the Indians”.

            The Turki were strengthening their positions in Eurasia. Their tsarist families gave eminent rulers to the world; new belief, new laws and new written language came with them. That’s why wedge writing and hieroglyphs have gone for good in the Near East. They were too old and inconvenient. Like a stone-ax.

            … When the dynasty of Arshakids fell early in the III century, the culture of Parthia did not disappear. The language of the Parthians (Persian dialect of the Turkic language!) became the literary language of Iran. That was the will of new rulers from the dynasty of Sasanids who, having declared the revival of the “Persian” Iran, simply called everything Turkic with the word “Iranian”. That gave rise to misunderstandings which leaked even to “The Book of the Tsars”. Sasanids were right: the toponym “Iran”, in comparison with “Parthia”, was evidently wider and sounded more optimistic. For the young dynasty that was the chance to weld the population of former Parthia and neighboring khanates since the Turki dominated in towns and in the army. So they took the name native for them – Iran. 

            That is perhaps one of the most intricate features of the history of the Middle East. But it means and explains a lot. For instance, why medieval poets that lived in khanates governed by Iran made their verses not in their native language but in Parthian (eastern Iranian) dialect. That’s how it was with Rudak, Nizami Giandjevi, Amir Khosrov Dehlevi, Omar Khayyam, Dede Korkud and other famous poets. All of them are the continuators of the Parthian culture. Hence is “book Pehlevi” and Tadjik-Persian Azerbaijanian and old Uzbek literature. Hence is striking similarity of plots of peoples epos of Iran and Altai; they are often practically the same.

 

            ● The famous Orientalist V.V. Bartold described the differences between the Parthian language and that formerly spoken in Persia: “Literary language of the Sasanid epoch was derived from Parthia and thus it was called Pehlevian. Armenian authors of the first centuries of Islam knew that the word pahlava (late linguistic form - parthava) related to the Parthians; The Arabs only knew that the name pahlau related to northern, not southern regions of Iran. Pehlevi did not have many differences with modern Farsi. A modern Persian could easily understand the language his ancestors spoke 1500 years ago; it was more difficult for a Persian living in the epoch of first Sasanids to understand the language of the epoch of Achemenids (wedge writing is in question here – M.A.) divided from it just by six hundred years”.

            This explanation has the answers for many questions. For instance, why do the Azerbaijanians easily understand the Iranians.  Why are there Turkic regions in Iran… And even why the Iranians conceal their Turkic roots.

 

            It has been forgotten that in the Middle East there existed the literary dialect of the Turkic language from the times of Parthia – poets and philosophers spoke it.

            The literary language is an ancient tradition of Altaic culture that allowed different nations to understand each other. It united the Turki into one Turkic world. Not an ordinary language, but the language of poetry and delight – pure as a diamond cut by generations of poets. That was the birthright of self-expression. That made Altaic written language complex. The same as its culture.

            It should be mentioned that Turkic speech has not been forgotten in Iran. There are towns and villages there – they are called Azerbaijanian – where only Turkic is spoken. How many of them? Nobody knows. But in the Western Azerbaijan alone there are more than thirty million people. And in the streets of Teheran every second is a copy of Baku inhabitants – the same faces, the same manners. They look the same, but their speech differs.

            It turns out not the seas divide the people but ignorance.

            Today in Iran there are the Kadjars, Shahsevens, Bahtiars, Kypchaks, Kakshkians, Afshars, Karapapakhs, Karadags, Kengerlu, Inalu, Baharlu, Nafar, Khurasans, Pichags, Karayas, Bayats, Karagozlu, Teimurtash, Goudars. All of them played an important part in formation of Iran, but they are called “tribes” and “nations”. And there is only one explanation – politics… By the way, the dynasty of Sefevids united Iran by hands of these Turki in the XV – XVI centuries.

            The Turki are a bulwark of power, its self-perpetuating keepers – that is how it was in the times of Aji-Dahak; that is how it is now.

 

            ● The whole history of Iran is connected with descendants of the Altaians: beginning with the dynasty of Achemenids and Arshakids and ending with Kajars (1925). In the middle of the VII centuries Iran was run by the Arabs, in the XI – XII centuries – under the Turkic dynasty of Seldjukirs, in the XIII – middle of the XIV century power was obtained by direct descendants from Altai – by Khulaguids. Early in the XVI century, with assistance of the Turki, Sefevids united Iran. And from the end of the XVIII century till 1925 Iran was run by the Turkic dynasty of Kajars… So when was Iran non-Turkic?!

            And that is the history written by the Iranians themselves.

            “Iranian nations” were called “Dakhian”. The Dakhs are mention in famous Zend-Avesta. They formed the cavalry of Parthia and were excellent breeders. Exact translation of the word “Dakh” is allegedly unknown – according to the western researchers of Iran. Is that right? This “mysterious” word is of Altaic origin, the same as the nation to which it related – in the ancient Turkic language dakh (tag – dag - dakh) means “mountain”, and dakhdakhi (tagdaki) – “people living in the mountains”. Everything turns out to be very simple. And very accurate.

            Isn't that the reason why Aji-Dahaka became the symbol of the ruler that had come from the mountains? Take note of this name. Its first part points to the cross of Tengri that the Altaians bore, and the second – to the mountains from where they came. Doesn’t it explain something?

           

            ● According to traditions of literature, the Parthian empire was founded by the tribe of the Parns being a part of the confederation of the Dakhs related either to the Saks or to the Parthians. In the IV century B.C. the Dakhs lived between the rivers Oks and Yaksart (Amu-Darya and Syr-Darya). They served in the army of Darius III. Strabon wrote about tribes of breeders known to the Greeks as the Dakhs (Dais).

            The expression tagdaki – dakhdakhi related to “people living in towns” was widely used by Turkic nations. That is witnessed by runic inscriptions on the monument in honor of Kiul-Tegin (732) on the table land Kosho-Tsaidam.

 

            Take, for instance, the Iranian nation called Kadjars – they speak the Kadjarian language. What kind of language is it? It relates to the “Turkic group of Altaic languages”, as it is written in ethnographic reference books about it. And thus everything is clear. Or take another “nation” – the Shahsevens; it is the same about them. The Shahsevens are very close to the Azerbaijanians; their languages are practically identical – the same “Mugan” dialect. That “nation” appeared in Iran in the XVI century when the shah's household troops were being formed (in the Azerbaijanian language shahysevan means “people loving shah”). And it was being formed, as it is written in history of Iran, of Turkic tribes – the Kyzylbashes… Could anyone like to protect power more than the Turki?

            Now not everybody knows who is who in the “Iranian” Iran.

Some time ago Persia had vast territories; its borders lay far to the north – beyond Derbent, and far to the west – up to the Mediterranean Sea. This epoch is never remembered – “official” history made of omissions is its backwash. Nations, legends, religions – everything is mixed up so as not to awaken the memory and ease the pain. As a rule, the Iranians know their history from the VIII century when Islam was accepted – and everything that had happened previously does not exist.

            “Nobody keeps a secret better that those who don’t know it”, - they say in the East. It seems wisdom of Iranian rulers is shown in that – they were not interested in the truth; for them it was important to conceal how they’ve lost it!

            Iranian Turki true to Monotheism call Allah in a Turkic manner – Khodai, they did not changed their native language for Farsi, accepted Islam and breathed freely. But lack of knowledge of a family tree does not mean it does not exist… A panther can give birth only to panthers. They might be poor, but still they are panthers.

            Iranian Moslems will understand some day: only those are really powerful who can defeat themselves. People denying their ancestors become conceited and can be easily manipulated by politicians and colonizers. That’s what happened in “Iranian” Iran… Alas. True words are unpleasant, but pleasant words are not always true – this is life.

 

            Some time ago in the Middle East there was a prosperous country – Bactria – the richest eastern region of Persia. It was called Tocharistan (Tocharian khanate) in the II century B.C. That state, the same as Parthia, is hidden in the heavy “scientific” mist; its history is connected with any nation but the Turki although all travelers that visited Tocharia marked that customs and habits there are the same as those of the Turki.

            It is interesting that in Tibet “tochar” means “white head”. But not a frosty head. That’s how peoples etymology keeps the memory of Altaic newcomers whose appearance differed from that of native Tibetans – black-haired, swarthy people with hazel eyes – very much. While describing the Altaians their contemporaries used the following words: fair-haired, blue-eyed white men with their bodies “shining like the moon”. And those with green eyes were described as having eyes like an unripe berry.  

            The epics “Mahabharata” and “Ramayana” also contain information about the Tochars. This allows talking about their period in the history of Iran. Altaic tsarist dynasty ruled there for five centuries. In any case, Arsak khan who left Bactria and exalted Parthia started his family tree from the descendant of the Achemenidian tsar Artarkserks II and still regarded a panther as his patron.

            At that time tsars were elected by seven elders, the council of the family – sort of temporality representatives – they permitted to take the throne. Their decision was “approved” by another council consisting of higher clergy. At that they took the will of the last monarch into account… Unfortunately, the history of Tocharistan does not contain many reliable facts – it is covered by shadows. In the II century B.C. the power of the previous dynasty weakened. And early in the Common Era the dynasty of rulers changed there. New khanate was called Kushan, which is witnessed by coins of Tocharistan; other reliable evidences are absent.

            Lands of the Eastern Persia (modern Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, part of the Northern India) and even China were united by the new khanate. It was notable for unheard-of power. Unfortunately, its history was thoroughly written over by certain politicians and scientists; they distorted even the names of tsars and the founder of the khanate who had an ancient Turkic title “yagbu” is now called Kudzula (Kudjula) Kadfiz or Kiotziukyu in a Chinese manner.

 

            ● The name “Tochars” has not been found on any Kushan monuments yet. Inscriptions on coins witness of belonging of the rulers to Kushan family, which is in accordance with the “theory” of tsarist families in Altai.

            The Chinese used to call the Kushans Guishuan; “gui” meant special peculiarities in Chinese mythology. They were depicted as demons with pointed heads and red hair. That expresses the look of Altaic newcomers – red-haired in pointed headdresses made of felt. The same as all the Saks.

            Another detail – headdresses of the rulers – emphasized their belonging to tsarist families. That is witnessed not only by coins and gems but also by objects of art. For example, in the Guimet Museum in Paris the headdress of the Kushan statute is topped by the feathered bird's head – the bird looks like a falcon. The same headdresses can be found on coins of the Kushan tsar Kanishka. Historians marked that headdresses of the same type with a falcon were widespread in Saks' (Turkic) lands.

 

            How did his name sound in Turkic? Nobody knows. Who he was is also unknown. However, Strabone reported that nations of the Middle East had the same languages. In other words, those “nations” and “tribes” (Sogdians, Khoresmians, Bactrians, Kushans and others) differed from the Altaians “basically in their way of life”, but not in language and culture. They spoke in a similar manner – that was the same dialect.

            Modern science cannot deny that but, in order to embarrass the people, it relates the language of the Saks (of the Turki) and their neighbors to a special group calling it eastern Iranian. They would have better invented something else. And thus it is the same as to relate English or any other Germanic language to the American group. Relatives will certainly be mentioned but the grandson will be called the grandfather… An imperceptible but important mistake.

            In the meantime, the name of the Iranian epic hero who opened the secret of written languages is Takhma-Urupa (Tamga Urup). The Turki clearly translate his name as “one cutting magic signs”. There are no other variants here. Archeologists found a great many monuments of those times. On certain of them one can see Turkic runes and phrases exactly the same as in Altai. That is the language of the nation that has left it.

            But… “the texts were not read”, - according to certain scientists sophisticated in politics. For example, in Dasht-Navur (Afghanistan) the French found traces of a Kushan town and a nearby rock with runic inscription, but they did not carry out a detailed research. They found it and that was all… In Kara-Tep, not far from Tashkent, a temple was found and on its ruins there were pieces with runic Altaic inscriptions. And they drowned in silence… Archeologists are usually interested in Turkic gold, not inscriptions.  

            It looks like sabotage or a secret conspiracy. Obliteration of culture is a striking phenomenon that has not been studied yet.

            Issyk barrow is a good example – it is situated fifty kilometers from Alma-Ata. In 1969 Soviet archeologists found a “Golden Man” – a unique burial place where clothes and other items belonging to the departed Turkic tsar remained. But they had better not found it. Analysis of the finding was carried out under instructions from Moscow. The skull disappeared on the instant – it belonged to a European, which was not in accordance with the racist theory of “wild nomads” to which the West is adherent.

            The golden cross (adji) decorated with precious stones that was shining on the tsar's helmet also mysteriously disappeared. Just a little hole remained in the helmet.

            In the same barrow they found a bowl with an inscription approximately dated by the V century B.C. The text contains about 30 runic symbols the same as on the remains in Kara-Tep. Analysis carried out “following a hot scent” by the best experts in the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR allowed asserting that the inscription was made using an unknown alphabet. And that was all the Soviet science said: not a word about the Turkic language, although by that time runic writings of Altai were known in the world. Even Turcologists worked in the named Institute.

 

            ● In the conclusion made by experts of that Institute it was thoughtfully mentioned that the text could not be read in Aramaic. But nobody asked to read it in Aramaic. They did not even have to read it in Chinese… So Turcologists had to acknowledge similarity of signs on the bowl with Turkic runes. But since official science does not regard the Turkic language as an ancient one, Moscow “experts” came to discouraging conclusion – they said the inscription was scratched later. It only remains to guess what meaning they put in that evidently provocative suggestion?..

 

            One fragment of that runic inscription on the bowl ran: “… do what you have to do, offer to drink. If poison leaks, take it away…”. But Soviet scientists were struggling against Panturkism and thus came to their embarrassing conclusion – they did not need to find the truth.

 

            … The Kushan khanate was a real melting pot in which cultures of different nations were melting and changing. The Turki, Persians, Afghans, Indians, Chinese lived alongside, in one state and thus they were changing themselves and their way of life. They were changing each other. The Middle East was turning into a multinational society where synthesis of religions and beliefs was taking place. That is why in Kushan khanate new ethnic sainthood, new culture based on Monotheism was to be formed – it became the soil that later accepted the seeds of Islam.

            Time was playing its part. How? Nobody knows that. Neighborliness is an inexplicable phenomenon of life; it changes nations and their appearances but does it imperceptibly… Great pleasure and great sorrow are voiceless. 

            Nobody noticed that “Iranian” Turki became different from their Altaic congeners. They saw the result and thus called them Oguzes. In the Turkic language “oguz” meant “highly experienced”, “wise”. Communication with other nations made them wise and patient.

            Trade established in the Middle East by Achemenids, continued by Arshakids and Kushans who strengthened their positions in the valley of the river Indus after taking sea roots under their control is a good example. Caravans with goods were sent to India, China, Turkestan, Altai, Caucasus, Far East, even to the Volga – coins of those times were found there. The Kushans performed sea-borne trade with Africa, especially with Egypt (judging by coins and other archeological findings). When decline of Parthia commenced in the II century, those were the Kushans who controlled sea roots.

            Merchants carried to the West not only spices and luxury goods, but also paper and iron that the Europeans could not produce. And also pearl, cotton fabrics and raw cotton, rice, sugar, oils, medicines and fragrances, paints, exotic animals.

            The world learnt of grandeur of Kushan khanate in the I century; the Turki were glorified by the tsar Kanishka, luckily we know his name – “Khan Erke” they used to mint on coins. However, scientists have different opinions concerning pronunciation of his name: Kanerka, Kanysh-khan or even Kanyk. The philosopher, poet and excellent ruler, he raised Altaic culture like nobody else and made it the highest of eastern cultures. In his times the word “Turki” was pronounced with trepidation, in the same way as “the saint”.

            In the year 78 Kanishka ascended to the throne, he ruled for twenty five years astonishing the nation by his wisdom: he lit the candles for the blind and people recovered their sight. Not a saber, lance, arrows were the khan's strongest weapon but a word. The strongest word in the world – “God”, “Khodai”, “Alla” – that is how the Turki addressed to Tengri.

            True belief led to victories! The great philosopher of the Middle West, Abu Reihan Biruni, quoted an ancient Indian legend of nobility and strength of the tsar Kanishka in his works – it seemed so unbelievable to people that Kanishka and his troops were called “mighty angels”… It is interesting that the Indian calendar has a separate “era of Kanishka” thus emphasizing his special role. And since he was the native of Altai, the same year is the starting point of the “era of the Saks”.

            By the way, presence of the Greek before the Common Era the Indians connect with “the era of barbarians”. Curiously enough, Indian sources contain no particularities on this point; they do not contain the name of Alexander the Great either.

 

            ● Strictly speaking, not only the author of this book has serious doubts in connection with Alexander. His feats remind of those of Heracles and other mythic heroes. If one takes a look on Alexander's route to India it will become clear that he and his troops passed one hundred kilometers a day on lifeless lands of the Middle East. It is impossible for dismounted troops and it is even more impossible for a cavalry. At that they had neither a compass nor a map.

            We'd better not describe the details of that campaign… Where did they get provisions in hostile territories? Where did they leave the wounded? Who replaced the wounded and the dead? How did they move battering-rams and other equipment? A military campaign is a very serious affair – hundreds of questions arise in this connection.

            But the most interesting question is: why don’t ancient Indian legends contain any information of arrival of Alexander the Great? There is no information at all. Archeological excavations also did not find any traces of his staying in the North-West India. So what was Alexander “destroying”? And did he reach it at all?

            Persian sources are also silent about his campaign. However, another thing is indicative: the image of the “hero” appeared late in the Middle Ages when the West started to prepare its colonial campaign against the East. The Europeans needed a historical “hero” in order to declare that the Asians had been suffering defeats from the Europeans from of old. References to Arrian, Diodor, Plutarchos, Strabon were necessary to animate the legend. Although their original works were lost in the West long ago. (However, witnesses of direct participants of the campaign also disappeared – those witnesses that Arrian and others allegedly used in their work after several centuries (!)). Thus legends of invincible Alexander the Great appeared – those legends had nothing to do with reality… It is hard to find other explanations.

            Such “additions” to history are widespread in Europe. Thus, for example, Dmitry Donskoy and Alexander Nevsky appeared in Russia. They became historical “heroes” after three and five centuries respectfully, because neither the battle of Neva nor Kulikovo Field have ever existed. Descendants, no… Lies are cunning. And very tenacious.

 

            The tsar Kanishka gave the East hope, and that is the best present in the world. Excellent knowledge of ceremonies, prayers and service books helped him, his speech sounded handsomely and nicely – people used to listen to it for hours. Khan's behavior and policies convinced the Middle East: the Turki appreciated not gold, cunning or power over other nations. They appreciated deeds and nobility that brought them nearer to their Heavens making them “mighty angels”.

            The ruler was the face of the nation; people believed him. It means they believed in Altai too.

            The tsar was severe with himself and gracious with others. He convinced that every person creates heaven and hell for himself and his nearest; people have only themselves to blame for their grief and sorrow because God gives people just what they deserve. That is the power of the Trial by Ordeal – the fairest in the world.

            You, your deeds and God watching and judging you are under Eternal Blue Sky. God can never be deceived… One can never escape from God's will.                   

            That is the whole base of the Turkic religion, it is genial and simple: do good and the world will be better.

            When people understood that they agreed with it, which led to a new spiritual culture. Everything is in your hands – you just have to remember that. The Turki, for instance, believed in the Creator of this world and his angels; they believed in eternity of the soul and its regeneration in the new life. Thus Monotheism strengthened peoples spirit and embraved them. “Salvation is in deeds”, - taught the Most High. Thus deeds were top of priorities in Altai.

            Not gold, not riches but deeds.

            The foreigners were stricken by the ceremony in the name of Heavenly God – it was notable for sedateness and regularity. In pagan world there was nothing of the kind. Pagans regarded the Turki as creatures from outer space with whom everything was better and cleaner, and thus in the Middle East Altai was called “Eden” – Heaven on the Earth – and its inhabitants were referred to as “noble Arians”. That name of Turkic native lands (the same as Fenugreek in India) remained for more than a thousand years. They composed legends about riders… In the XIII century there was a map on which Heaven on the Earth was marked in Altai. And the Bible says the same.

 

            ● Returning to the Arians, let us once again remember that the most famous provisions of Indo-Iranian theory still remain hypotheses but are represented as documented evidences. That is an accepted method of Western science and its ideological inspirers – Jesuits. Neglecting of Turki and their history entailed the fact that linguistic aspects of studies of India and Iran and philological interpretation of sources became determinant while analyzing the Arians' origin. And that is absolutely wrong. History was not defined by the words sounding but by peoples deeds. By the way, “there are no sources, beginning with “Rigveda”, that relate the term “Arya” to nations which modern science calls Indo-Iranian”, - reminds us one of researchers studying the East.

 

            Believers of the Middle East tried to reach Uch-Sumer – the sacred mountain; they offered prayers to Altai. Their tradition to turn their faces to the East while praying was later adopted by the Christians. And the Moslems used to turn their faces to the East in the times of Mohammed. That was the only way for “Monotheists” to pray.          

            The towns of Kushan khanate woke up listening to bells ringing: tengriches (clergymen) called the people to pray… All we can do now is imagine those exciting moments of the beginning of the day. Unfortunately, not much is known about that. Bells and belfries existed, there can be no mistake about it, they were found during excavations, but people failed to restore the ceremony. That treasure has gone for good.

            People used to pray near the temple, under the high canopy of Eternal Blue Sky – like in Altai where people would pray near sacred mountains. (It seems at first barrows were made instead of temples – this assumption is quite possible). Temples were not big – they reminded of the sacred mountain and later became a part of architecture. That beautiful idea inspired the Buddhists – they were the first who turned their dagobas and barrows into ritual constructions.

            Believers were prohibited to enter the temple; clergymen could enter it for a few moments but they did not even breathe inside. It was forbidden. That was a sacred place! The tradition was adopted by Zoroastrian priests – they still put on bandages in order not to desecrate the fire with their breathing.

            Before praying the Turki would always burn incense in special bowls – in censers. According to an ancient Altaic legend evil forces cannot stand the smell of fragrances; the ceremony of fumigation was called “kadyt” – in Turkic it means “to turn away”, “to deter”. Incense (pronounced as “ladan” in Russian and translated as “fir tree” from Turkic) meant galipot with dry grasses, the word is derived from the Turkic expression “ala tan” – “abandon bad thoughts”, which preciously reflects the place of fragrances in the ceremony.  

 

            ● History of the bell, censer and other items is described in detail in: Adji M. Europa's Asia.

 

            ● The names of heather and juniper – aryan, arjan, archyn – that were used for fumigation in Altai derive from the ancient Turkic ary- (to cleanse). Hence is the word aryg reflecting such terms as pure, clean; morally blameless, noble, decent, immaculate; true, not false, righteous, sacred, saint. As we can see, it is in accordance with the sense of the word “arya” in Vedas and Zend-Avesta.

 

            They offered prayers to Tengri listening to soft singing – to the tunes of choirs. Those sacred songs were called “Yirmas”; literal translation is “our songs”… And everywhere in spiritual culture Tengri's equilateral cross dominated; in the East it was called “vajra” and the Turki themselves were called “Aji”. (That is what Soviet archeologists have taken off the helmet of the “Golden Man” found in Issyk barrow – the sign of Heavenly God, the symbol that seemed unnecessary to them).

            Many nations remember the tsar Kanishka; an epoch-making Event is connected with him: Monotheism superseded paganism in the Middle East… Vajras, ruins of ancient towns and temples remind everybody of the “era of Kanishka”. They are the symbols of Hanif belief, the traces of memory. Time has been always taking mercy on them.

            Researchers put the following question: what religion did Kanishka exercise? But it was nothing more than just putting the question. They marked that he favored Buddhism but in a strange manner. Not accepting Buddha's teaching! Similarly scientists did not know to what belief Achemenids and Arshakids adhered. It differed from belief of Zoroastrians in Persia and Parthia or Jains in India – everybody agrees with that. But what was it? Nobody specified it.

            In Kushan khanate there was its own divine pantheon. Its own religion.

            Of course the simplest thing to do is to call it pagan and wild and call the Turki “pagans”, which is actually what was done. But that is not an exact name. And the same goes with the fact that the Turkic clergy were called shamans neglecting several important details.

            The word “shaman”, for instance, was highly respected in the Middle East in ancient times – it related to preachers of the new religion. Later Buddhists started to use the word “shaman” to call their monks who elaborated the theory of religion and were intellectual scientists to the highest degree. After that the word was accepted by Islam and meant “servant of non-Islamic cult” – “ash-shamani”. It did not have a humbling meaning either.

 

            ● Translation of the word “kam” (kam – cham - sham) also had a lot of meanings – infirmarian, healer, foreteller, conjurer, wizard, enchanter, magician, sorcerer. Modern Turcologists translate this word as “shaman”, although it is better to call the kams “clergymen”. That was the only thing said about them two thousand years ago.

            In Lamaism which kept Altaic ceremonies such clergymen were to communicate with spirits – keepers of the teaching. It seems it was the same in Altai. In Lamaism titles of authoritative clergymen derive from the Turkic kam (sham, kham). Clergy is headed by a khambo, and the ruler of a monastery was called shamo. This and other facts allow assuming that for many centuries kams were the keepers of Altaic spiritual culture. That is why they were the first to be destroyed by the Europeans during colonization of the East.

 

            That is also witnessed by the records of Bar Daysan, one of the founders of theology in Syria – he was the preacher of the Altaic belief in Heavenly God, for which the Christians later called his books heretical. He wrote down the story of ambassadors from the Northern India who came to Syria in the times of Marcus Aurelius (218 - 222). This is what those ambassadors said about shamans (samaneis): “They live out of towns spending their days talking of Heavenly God. They have cells (monasteries – M.A.) and temples built by the tsar where there are appointed rulers who get food products from him. Listening to the bells ringing they take away all the strangers that came to the cell and set about praying. After praying the bell rings again”. By the way, that was the first time they heard about monasteries in the West; nobody understood what they were.

            We cannot bring ourselves to say that Kanishka's heritage was “wild” or “pagan”. We would rather be proud of Altai and its culture to which the civilized world was rushing. And one can guess about distemper in peoples souls – those people who did not believe in Heavenly God and slander Him. They are suppressed by weakness and fear, they suffer from their powerlessness and invent fairy tales to conceal their fear.

            They invent forgetting that that was the Turkic culture in which nations were interested in those times. Peoples interest was reinforced by the fact that they saw God's gifts with their own eyes: iron, prosperity of their country and an excellent army, which convinced none the worse than divine services or words of clergymen. Maybe even better.

            Isn't that the reason why Altai, Parthia and Kushania became spiritual centers of the East?

            Envoys of other nations left for there. They did it by themselves. For strangers spiritual training centers and Gandhara Arts School were opened there, which united culture of the ancient East forming its new look. Since then Eastern art has got its original features which have been distinguishing it until now.

            Altaic “animal style”, Parthian monumentality, Indian harmony and Bactrian elegance were brought together but not mixed up. They became more original than they were before. It means they became Eastern (Altaic, Turkic) ornament or… a historical plot. In animal fights and plants artists managed to see life. But the life that existed only in imagination – it was inhabited by totemic signs, ghosts and patrons of families. And if a panther clawed a cow, in this bloody feast people saw not what we see now. Real art is splendid because it is figurative.

           

            ● Appearance of Gandhar arts gave rise to many contradictory hypotheses. Art historians mark a lot of common in the arts of the North China, South Siberia, Parthia and Northern India, i.e. the regions where “Altaians” lived. Many historians connect it with the impact of “animal style”. But the source of art traditions is pronouncedly neglected.

 

            Those cultural traditions are continued by the Iranian town called Kum – the town of clergy, arts and science where a lot has been changed, but adherence to Monotheism remained. Addressing to the Most High they use the word “Khodai” there – the same as in Altai. And they will do it forever. History of the town started in pre-Islamic rimes; by all appearances, the town was called not Kum but Kam then – the Iranians themselves still call it that way.

            There were several “intellectual” towns in Kushan khanate – later they became the bulwark of thought and theory of Islam. Great scientists of the East worked there – they continued traditions of “the ancient” that is how Moslems used to call their Altaic ancestors. And their heritage they called “the science of the ancient”.

            And history has a reminder of those times – an invention which characterizes that epoch better than anything else. In Kushania they invented paper – “kagit” – as they called it. Paper was made of hemp in the Chuya Valley, on the bank of the river Talas (Talasu). Invention stimulated deficiency calfskin on which religious texts and scientific tractates were written…           

            The Turki turned Kashmir into a sacred region too – that was the place of pilgrimages of the Middle East. Only God owns the Golden Temple for which the Indians and Pakistani keep on fighting… Nobility of the tsar Kanishka, like a crown of a big tree, protected the Turkic world from rigors giving heavy crops to people. 

            Buddha's followers convened the Council IV in Kashmir – they accepted Tengri and his teaching there, which enriched spiritual world of the East with Mahayana – the new philosophy. Today that is one of the basic branches of Buddhism. It is about the unity of the world, its harmony, compassion and mutual help, human ideals, appetence and surroundings. That is what the Turkic tsar taught his people; that is what Altaic belief was about.

            Those good wishes were reflected in the text minted on copper plates – they remain the relics of Buddhism for a billion of believers in China, Mongolia, Japan, Tibet and Siberia. They, those plates, or the Council IV to put it more preciously, gave rise to a new branch of Buddhism – the northern branch – that was called “Lamaism”.

            … Thus the arrival of the Turki gave the second birth to Hindustan and the Middle East; it gave them a new life. The life with Heavenly God.

 

            THE NEAR EAST FOOTHOLD

 

            When the routs of the Great Nations Migration reached the Northern Caucasia, which happened early in the III century, the Altaians settled there too. Their way was hard and long. More than one generation of people changed after they had left Altai. One would think, could traces of that ancient migration remain?

            Yes they could. They remained, and the academician V.V. Bertold gave a significant example in his lectures. Referring to the Greek geographer Ptolemy, he noticed that early in the II century Europe learnt the Turkic name of the river Yaik (Daiks).

            That event is a new milestone in nations migration. The Turki reached a very high level, and certain families started to develop northern territories which had been previously inaccessible. They came to the steppe. Their name – the Kipchaks – became well-known; to an extent it contrasted with the name Oguz – the name of those who came to the west from the south. The Great Nations Migration changed its character; it became massive and not episodic as it was in the times of Achemenids, Arshakids and Kushans. People inhabited lands where only certain families had been able to live before. The bravest families. There – to the north-west – stretched the road which remained for centuries – steppe is a very severe natural zone of the Earth; haste is unacceptable while developing it.

            Generations changed before the word “Itil” appeared on maps. Claudius Ptolemy, who lived early in the II century, did not know it since he knew nothing about the Great Nations Migration. However the Turki themselves did not know about it either; they just lived – inhabited new lands and moved forward not thinking of how their deeds will be called later by descendants and contemporaries.

            They just led the life that only they could understand.

            The average speed of their moving to the west did not exceed forty kilometers per year! They allowed themselves one day horse passage in a year. Borders of their country extended by millimeters on the map. It lasted for two and a half centuries. There, in the steppe, new towns and settlements, new roads and tracts appeared as if all of a sudden.

            Semirechye – the small khanate – lay to the west from Altai; archeologists found ruins of twenty ancient Turkic towns. Those towns were to the north from Kushania and either were on friendly terms or waged a war with it for a long time. One culture is seen in it by the naked eye; it was one nation – brothers who used to quarrel and reconcile with each other… After that the Great Nations Migration moved further to the west until it reached Yaik in the II century.

            Rivers were important landmarks. Settling on their banks the Turki gave them their geographical names. At times those names remind of what has already been forgotten by people. The farthest river was called Ilin (Lena) – the Eastern River, Anasu (Yenisei) – Mother – River, Obe (Ob) – Grandmother – River… perhaps the whole toponymy of the South Siberia is Turkic: Biya, Katun, Irtysh, Tobol, Kut, Ishim. Hundreds of names.

 

            ● E.M. Murzaev mentioned in this connection: “It is not difficult to reveal Turkisms in toponymy of the countries of the Near and Middle East: Demirchai, Sarychai, Adjichai, Karansu, Karasu, Kyzyluzen, Akbolak in the north-western part of Iran. In Iraq there are small rivers Narynchai, Kurychai and Aksu in the basin of the river Tigris. In Afghanistan the deep river Kokcha flows into Amu-Darya. It is possible that the name of right confluent of Indus in Pakistan – the river Kuram – derived from the ethnicon kuram. In India, in Kashmir, there is a settlement called Kyzyllangar. Toponymic Turkisms are often met in China out of Xinjiang, in Gansu, in Internal Mongolia… Not everybody knows that Turkic geographical names exist in the Plateau of Tibet, in its eastern and northern parts”.

            It is indicative that everywhere where the Turki used to settle, Turkic geographical names appeared. The Great Nations Migration provided a lot of discoveries.

 

            The river Itil (Volga) was the next after Yaik. It should be mentioned that it flew into the Caspian Sea not where it flows into it now. Its creek lay more than three hundred kilometers to the south – near foothills of the Caucasus. That was the desire to strengthen their positions on the great river, and especially in the Caucasus, in this natural “fortress”, that attracted newcomers from Altai.

            In the outfall of Itil they found the town called Semider – future capital of Khazar Chaganate.

            The Northern Caucasia lay back from well-trodden roads. Neither Parthia, nor the Roman Empire looked at those severe unattractive lands. They lay near the borders of oecumene. The Sarmatians settled there in the III century B.C.; they left Parthia not being willing to obey to Arshakids. In the I century the Alans joined them; they also decided not to live near the Parthians or Kushan khanate with their new orders. Those two nations inhabited the foothills of the Northern Caucasia; they did not create a state, but they were really strong and their neighbors considered them. Those were the ancestors of modern Ossetians, Circassians and Kabardinians.

            When first tilt carts appeared in the Caucasian steppe, it meant that the Turki came in order to stay there for a long time – they laid roads, raised towns; traces of their state were found by archeologists. For example, they discovered location of fifteen ancient towns in steppe regions of modern Dagestan.

            The Caucasian Turki made the town Aktash the capital of their khanate – it was raised in honor of the khan that led the nation to those new lands, according to the legend of Aktash – the hero of peoples epos. Ruins of that grand town surrounded by tsars' barrows are located near Enderei settlement. The khanate – the core of future Khazar chaganate – was expanding since the III century…

            To Derbent, perhaps the only town in the Northern Caucasia of those times, the Kipchaks moved not at once; Parthian lands laid to the south and it was insecure to trouble them. And there was no need in doing that. But time moved on, the world was changing. Those changes affected Parthia; in 224 the dynasty of Arshakids fell there as a result of a conspiracy of the priests.

 

            ● The new dynasty defeated the previous one due to support of the priests, Tengri's opponents whose religious beliefs could be called pagan. They had no influence in the times of Arshakids but, dreaming of revenge, they brought Sasanids to the throne and under their auspices they changed the belief in Heavenly God for ”renewed” Zoroastrianism and thus made their power plenipotentiary. 

 

            Khozroi, the tsar of Armenia, was the only one from the family of Arshakids who remained independent. In order to hold out he turned to his brothers – “Caucasian Turki” and together with them he made a stand against the shah of Sasanids. Results surpassed all expectations: the Iranians received a fatal blow and Armenia guaranteed its independence.

            Consequences of that small battle were really important not because it changed the alignment of geopolitical forces in Transcaucasia for which Parthia and Rome were fighting. They were important because the western world learnt about the third force – about a new invincible cavalry standing in the north, near Derbent. Let us emphasize the word “cavalry” being a totemic sign of the Turki. Let us once again remember that the riders were those who created the state of Achemenids, conquered the Northern Hindustan, founded Parthia and Kushan khanate. The troops always came from the West, striking with their strength, armament and organization. The Altaic steppe with its vastness gave the Turki their most important totem – cavalry, mounted troops… That was the emblem of the Great Nations Migration. A horse and a man were brought together – the planet was discussing the centaurs.

           

            ● For example Arshak IX (123 – 88/87 B.C.), having reorganized his army and created a cavalry, became really powerful. Researchers noticed that organization and armament system of the Parthian cavalry were copied from that of Altai. And that is also witnessed by the unity of the Turkic world. There were separate countries run by Altaic dynasties, but there was also a single center that coordinated their policies and material culture. It is possible that Altai was that center – its tsar gathered his relatives, representatives of the dynasty, and gave them advices and recommendations. Unfortunately, there is nothing to do but to guess about it judging by remaining symbols. There are no documents, but traces of coordination remained. The victory of the Kipchaks over Sasanids is a good example.

 

            Historical victory over Iran run by Sasanids gave hope to those who suffered under the reign of the Roman Empire. Rumors of invincible riders reached eastern boards of the western world; they were discussed in Asia Minor, the Middle East and Egypt. Those rumors were initiated by members of the sect called “Atheists”; they did not believe in Gods. Their belief was based on Apocalypse, on the words of St. John the Evangelist who augured the coming of riders – liberators from Rome's power. The Messenger of Heavenly God (Messiah) gave that Revelation. The Empire will be destroyed, the riders are awaited – they will come from the East to establish eternal justice. Atheists lived with these thoughts.

            “And I saw heaven opened; and behold, a white horse, and He who sat upon it is called Faithful and True; and in righteousness He judges and wages war… And the armies which are in heaven, clothed in fine linen, white and clean, were following Him on white horses… And from His mouth comes a sharp sword, so that with it He may smite the nations; and He will rule them with a rod of iron.” [Revelation 19 11 – 16]. Every word of Apocalypse was to be thought over, every word was taken from depths of life.

            Atheists were waiting for riders like no one else; they lived with news of them. It was clear from the text of the Revelation that the main weapon of the riders was a word uttered by God. And that was the word “God”.

            History of that sect is known, it is connected with the Judaic War that was waged in the I century in Palestine. Those events, the same as Apocalypse, are known to scientists except for certain details which for some reason are usually disregarded, namely: in the III century the sectaries were not called Christians, they were called Jews (Hebrews) and there were no significant differences between them and orthodox Jews.

            But even that is not the main thing. The Greek word “Christ” was not used at that moment. The world did not know New Testament; it was all to be born. Even legends of Christ. Population of the Roman Empire remained pagan worshipping Jupiter, Mercury and other gods.

            After that victory of Turkic riders over Iranians, of who even Rome itself was afraid; the text of the Revelation obtained a new meaning – prophesy was becoming real. Cavalry seemed to be an omen of the future and the Judaic sect – the mouth of the prophet. That was a great event that certainly could not be disregarded by nations conquered by Rome. Those nations were those who shared the sectaries' beliefs.

            Heavenly God helped the riders – the Armenians were the first who understood that. Khozroi, their ruler, was a spiritual ally of Altai; he had Turkic blood, due to which he successfully kept on fighting with the Iranians for thirty years. After Khozroi's death his son Tiridat found refuge in Rome. It should be mentioned that in those times the territory of Armenia was different – the country stretched for about five hundred – eight hundred kilometers to the south-west and was a kind of a buffer between Parthia and Rome. Or, more preciously, between East and West – the strongest of them was to rule over Armenia.

            It was free and independent only in legends… When its union with the Turki was broken, Armenia became a region of Iran – its colony. The Roman emperor Diocletian took advantage of it – his campaign of 297 was fantastically successful. The West moved its boundaries to Euphrates having conquered Armenia and regions of defeated Iran. No one would object to Rome; everybody was discussing the return of the “Golden Age” to it.

            Another wise man, today known as George, was reflecting upon it. Like many educated people, he also believed in prophecy of Apocalypse and was also waiting for the riders. According to an Armenian legend, he had a vision – the sky opened and he saw an equilateral cross – exactly the same as on riders' flags. And he heard the words coming from the sky; an angel ordered him “to be the shepherd of the nation that inherited salvation”, which was a clarification… The plot was certainly made more mythical by the Armenian Church, but it was based on reality known to Armenian historians.

            It turns out that George, born in 257, was the Turki – he was from the family of Arshakids, which means he was a descendent of Parthian tsars. Today his life is legendary and full of myths; those days he was one of the few. Of course he knew about Heavenly God worshipped by all his relatives and ancestors. Of course he saw the cross respected by the natives of Altai – the cross that symbolized their religion – Tengrianity. As fate willed that was his, George's (!), father who was sent by Sasanids to destroy the union between the Armenians and the Turki and kill the tsar Khozroi. Thus George was to restore what had been lost and he perfectly understood his responsibility… That is why he chose the Turkic symbols! And the Turkic belief!

            Not to go into details set forth in previous books of the author of this one and in works of medieval historians Agahangel, Favst Buzand and others, let us remember the known facts: the Armenian Greogorian Church appeared in 301. In its history it is written that they accepted the belief of the “Huns” and read prayers in their language. The power in the country belonged to a Turki – to Tiridat, the tsar of Armenia. He also belonged to the family of Arshakids, the same as his relative George. The Armenians still regard those belonging to that family as their tsars. And the word “Turki”, or “Kipchak”, or “Hun” in the IV century had a noble meaning; it did not embarrass like today since it related to the nation to which not only Armenian tsars belonged.

            Armenian nobility (the Romans considered it to be “arrogant and freakish”) had also Turkic blood, which is confirmed by family trees. For example, Mamikonians still remain one of the noblest families in Armenia – this family has Turkic roots. The founder of the family – Mamgo – was an exile in Altai because of tricks of fortune; the tsar Tiridat sheltered him and his people in Armenia… Many well-known Armenian families originate from the “nomads”. And the families of Suren, Karen, Spendiat, Mikhran were previously members of seven noble families of Parthia and later moved to serve in Armenia since Altaic traditions of power remained there.

 

            ● It is interesting that memory of Altaic origin of Suren family keeps not only the name (in the ancient Turkic language suren means “leader”), but also the toponym Sakastan (Sistan). This historical region was called in honor of the Saks to which their leader Suren (Surena) belonged. He was the leader of Sakastan. And before the arrival of the Turki the country (neighboring regions of modern Iran and Afghanistan) was called Drangiana.

 

            The history of Tigran the Great – the founder of the great Armenia – is very interesting. He remained the Great while he was supported by Parthia and its troops glistening with their armors and helmets. No sooner than the union was rejected, the Armenian tsar lost everything on the spot and died “having survived his glory”. And three years after his death Rome and Armenia controlled by it were defeated again: the Parthians, the Turki won the famous battle of Carrhae.

 

            ● The commander of the battle was famous Surena (Suren) – he was not called an Armenian at those times. After the battle of Carrhae (53 B.C.) the world was divided between Rome and Parthia. However, the wars were not stopped, they continued in Syria, Mesopotamia, Armenia. Those wars led to creation of a boundary line with fortifications and fortresses between East and West. As a matter of fact, that was the first border between two worlds – pagan and heavenly.

 

            … In a word, the first Church and new ceremonies appeared in the West due to the “Armenian” Turki. The hearth of the new religion. Tengri's cross was its symbol. A little later its adherents were called “new Christians” (“new” since they were not Jews). However, Christ was not often mentioned – his time had not come yet. It was just the beginning of the IV century.

            The Armenian Church was headed by George himself, later – by his son and his grandchildren. One of his first orders said that only members of the tsarist family could head the Church. To an extent, that decision connected a mitre and a crown – spiritual and temporal power.

 

            George obtained the title of an archbishop from Altaic khans; they laid hands on him and called him katalyk, which means “ally” in Turkic. (The title Catholicos with a Greek ending –os was introduced later). And after that the head of the Armenian Church took a chariot and, being guarded by Turkic riders, left for Cappadocia, the province of the Roman Empire neighboring with Armenia to announce about himself and his Church.

            It is well known that George took a relic with him – a golden cross decorated with precious stones (adji), the sign of Heavenly God, in order to present it to the West. That was an open challenge to pagan Rome to which it was shown who was Armenia's ally… But we will return to it in a little while.

            Thus, having accepted the belief and become the ally of the Turki, Armenia became independent of Rome without fighting. And the Roman emperor Diocletian could not even object, he digested an insult but in order to prevent appearance of the “new God” (“Armenian belief” as it was called), and proclaimed persecutions in the Empire. It was too late. The idea had adherents even in the Emperor's retinue; the word “God” emphatically entered peoples minds. It was connected with coming changes in which nobody doubted. Even the Emperor Diocletian who flirted with an idea of accepting the new belief.

 

            ● Eusebius Pamphylus, the contemporary of those events, wrote: “After some time, because some tried to usurp tsar's power in the so-called Melitinskaya country (the region in Minor Armenia. – M.A.) and others – in Siberia, the tsar issued an order to imprison all Church celebrants”.

            That was the beginning of the policy that has become a part of history under a frightening and incorrect name – “persecution against Christians”. In 303 persecutions were carried out not against Christians but against followers of the “Armenian belief”. Christians simply did not exist then – the name was unknown.

 

            Other nations willing to get rid of power of the “Roman harlot” and be guarded by Heavenly God and the Turkic cavalry followed the example of the Armenians… That was the time of distemper in the West; a new “world revolution”, a take-over was prepared. People felt coming of a hurricane that was to inevitably come from the East and sweep Rome away. Not the Germanic tribes were destroying Rome but the new belief. Belief in Heavenly God… In Tengri. 

            Another independent country – Caucasian Albanian – appeared in Transcaucasia. It was established and named by the Albans. That was an ancient Altaic union of families, a tukhum (also called “juz”); it took power, which is witnessed by the tamga of the family depicted on the emblem of the new country.

 

            ● However, the name really perplexes; it is not as evident as it seems at first. In the Turkic language “Alp” means “hero”, “winner” – this word is very ancient. Later it has got the meaning “to serve”, “servant”. It seems there was an event that disappeared in the waves of the Great Nations Migration after which the family of the Alpans lost their former greatness in the Caucasus. When and how it happened – before or after the Caucasian Albania was formed? Nobody knows.

 

            Unfortunately, not much is known of that country; the historians “did not notice” it, which is really strange. There are no serious scientific researches concerning the history of the Albans: documents were destroyed, and historical witnesses were edited by generations of “scientists” so that it is impossible to find logic in them. They are far from having those advantages necessary for a conscientious research. Greek myths are nothing as compared with modern scientific “works”.

            The fact that the lands of Albania had been settled before the Turki came there, i.e. before the beginning of the IV century, raises no doubts. But one cannot believe that the natives were the founders of the new state. What was it for? Transcaucasia was dependent from the VI century B.C., i.e. from the times of Persia. And it lived under its laws. The master established them for the servant.

            Only external forces can make a colony independent. And besides, a country cannot be discussed separately from political situation around it. Whatever arguments opponents produce, the Caucasian Albania could not exist before the edge of the III – IV centuries, i.e. before the Turkic Kipchaks had come to the Caucasus and the tsarist power was deposed in Parthia.

            That was world politics. It has its laws which can never be changed!

            Independent Armenia or Georgia (Iberia) also could not exist for the same reasons. However, they did not exist.

            The name of the first ruler of the Caucasian Albania was Vachaghan, i.e. khan Vacha. He belonged to the family of Arshakids and was also know as the Brave. He was changed by the tsar Urnayr, the contemporary of Tiridat and George; he became the main person in politics of the Caucasus. He became so due to Altai! What Urnayr has done is compared with deeds of Kanishka. In 304 in Derbent that Albanian tsar proclaimed the belief in Heavenly God (new Christianity) the official religion, he established the Church and the Patriarchal See where new believers were taught divine services and the Turkic culture. The Caucasian Kashmir appeared due to his noble efforts – another melting pot for cultures of different nations. 

            That was the sense of establishing a new state: history of the Middle East repeated, this time in the Caucasus. And that is another indirect confirmation of coordination of the Great Nations Migration. As a matter of fact, appearance of hearths of the Altaic culture was the result of that migration. The most important and the most noticeable result. And that was confirmed by numerous signs obtained by the western culture.

            It is interesting that the nobility of the Caucasian Albania was also “arrogant and freakish”, the same as Armenian aristocracy, and it also consisted of the “nomads”. But in Albania the Turkic speech prevailed, people understood it; and in Armenia it was quite the opposite. As a matter of fact, that was the difference between two countries that were the first to turn to “new Christianity”. The grandson of George the Enlightener – Grigoris – headed the Albanian Church; he is known as Saint George – and the reasons of it have become a secret after 495, when the Roman clergy prohibited mentioning Grigoris' deeds. However, memory of him remains; his tomb is located near Derbent – that has been the place of pilgrimages of Christians and Moslems for seventeen centuries…   

            After the Armenians other nations saw the greatness of the Turkic belief and tended to it. Europe had not known any culture of that kind before.

            In India and the Middle East melting of cultures resulted in a new branch of Buddhism and Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism and other religions and in the Caucasus another belief was originating. The Europeans were to get the belief later called Monophysitism or Arianism.

            That was not Christianity but a step to it.

            The Armenian Church was being established on the principles of Monotheism; that has been the peculiarity of it – of the Monophysite Church! – up to now. The Albans, Iberians (Georgians), Syrians, Egyptians, Tigrai (Ethiopians) also created a similar Church where Heavenly God dominated. And they wanted to be the allies of the Turki. That’s why they called the heads of their Churches in a Turkic manner – “katalyks” – the same as the founder of the Armenian Church – George the Enlightener. Strictly speaking, it was practically the same everywhere: first Churches were created, Jesus Christ was known there but not as God. Christian legends were to appear later in the Greek and Roman area…

            The Caucasian Albania with Derbent, its sacred town, can be compared with Kashmir; it was an important spiritual center no only in the East, but in the West as well. Derbent is mentioned in Koran and Hadithes and the Caucasus is described in the Bible. The road of the Christian Europe started there. In a baptistery constructed in the square of Derbent the Turki baptized future European bishops, their future parishioners (which of course could not be done in a synagogue!).

            Traces of that historical baptistery remained. And the first temple near which inaugural ceremonies were performed was also excavated by archeologists – it is situated on a mountain behind fortress walls. Time made the building go deep underground, but it did not disappear. It remained.

            To tell the truth, the Christians have been evading Derbent since the VIII century. The town was conquered by the Arabs then and the Christians were exiled since they had other views concerning Monotheism and were not able to defend their opinions with weapons. Moslems destroyed the Patriarchal See, the temple was reconstructed into a jumah – mosque – it still has the traces of the Christian past; its architecture is really extraordinary.

            It seems in those restless times, in order to save their temple, the Christians covered it with soil up to its dome; upland allowed concealment. The baptistery had the same lot – it was also underground. And soon it was forgotten… But a layer of ground is not a hindrance for archeologists.

            Under the Arabs people in Derbent were not baptized anymore. And baptism, which meant three times steep into holy water – is the ceremony of initiation into the Turkic belief. Every child underwent it in Altai as far back as five centuries B.C. The ceremony has not been forgotten; it is called “ary-sili” or “ary-alkyn”. Water was made holy by silver cross… Antiquity is a thing that makes deeds noble and gives people confidence – that is what the people of Altai thought.

            In any case, first Christian temples and bishops appeared in Derbent and Transcaucasia. Architecture of those temples reminded of cult buildings of the Turki in the Middle East, for instance. Or in the steppe of modern Kazakhstan. They were exactly the same.

 

            ● These are the reasons of striking “similarity of Kushan architectonics, Parthian cult architecture and religious architecture of Persia and Khoresm” marked by many researchers. Sources of this similarity are in Altai from where traditions of temples building came to India, to the Middle East, to the Caucasus and further to Europe. However, according to historians, temples design in the form of a circle are also “derived from traditions of nomadic tribes”, i.e. from the Turki. And the Turki were the only ones who built temples on foundations in the form of an equilateral cross.  

 

            Similarity of Kushan arts with temple Gothic architecture of Europe is striking. The academician G.A. Pugachenkova wrote: “Sculptures of Butkara (I – III centuries) and especially Hadda (II – IV centuries) disclose an unexpected similarity with Roman and Gothic sculptures. Of course, no contacts can be in question here since they are divided by many centuries…”.

            However, the academician is only partly right here. That’s right, when Kushan masterpieces were being created, the Roman could afford nothing of the kind. Not because there were bad sculptors there or people did not value the beautiful. They did not believe in Heavenly God; there were other cults there. Only after the arrival of the Turki, when western spiritual culture began to change, they turned to God, which means to traditions of temple arts. That is why it took “many centuries” for Gothic sculpture to get closer to Kushan arts.

            That was the “contact” which, according to Pugachenkova cannot be in question that made the rise of temple arts in the West possible.

            First changes emerged in Derbent, they concerned its Patriarchal See, and that is from where Christian culture was spreading after accepting not only the Altaic ceremonies of Monotheism, but also its artistic images, architecture, philosophy. Having been adopted and inventively remade in Parthia and Kushan, they kept on moving to the West. Alas, nothing new is possible without “forgotten old”. And the more solid the old is, the more significant is the new.

            That is right, figures of Christian apostles remind of Arhats of Butkara and Hadda; chimeras remind of demons; laughing angels – of smiling devas; pensive Blessed virgins and martyrs – of virgins gazing at Tengri Burkhan… Because they were made using the same “patterns’. That is another trace of the Turkic culture in the world civilization.

            In the Caucasian Albania and Armenia where temples were not built wherever they wished but only in sacred places which people used to visit from of old. Ancient sanctuaries were being replaced by temples and monasteries. New belief, dissolving the elements of the old one in it, did not conflict with it. They changed holidays and sacred places and thus changed peoples morals; the Turki were very wise and clear-sighted here. Maybe that’s why ancient Albanian monuments are still visited by both Christians and Moslems. They call them their native ones…  

            Tolerance is the product of subtle policy and fine mind. It started in the Caucasian Albania and was slowly spreading all over Europe. That was the sense of the new Turkic state and its Patriarchal See – extension of beliefs!

            At that time Rome was standing apart in the backyard of spiritual life since it did not know Heavenly God and offered prayers to Jupiter. And it proved the trueness of its belief by force or, more preciously, by persecutions. That was the witness of its powerlessness.

            The Eternal City was nothing at that time. Its time was gone. Those who were later called Judaic Christians, “early Christians” and his ancestors by the Pope, in the IV century all underwent circumcision and visited synagogues; their contemporaries called them Jews or Hebrews. The Emperor never ordered to persecute them. They were neutral people that constituted no threat. Nobody was standing for them!

 

            Thus it was up to the Oecumenical Council I (325)…

            … In the IV century Altaic culture was being perceived not only by the Caucasus. The nations migration that was expanding increasingly covered new lands of the Mediterranean. But in the Near East its history differed from that in the Middle East. Those lands, too distant from Altai, did not obey the Turki after the fall of Achemenids – they were part of the Roman Empire, and the Romans carefully guarded their “purity”. Preachers from Derbent were not let there; vice versa, they were persecuted. That is why inhabitants Europe and Asia Minor knew nothing about riders – messengers from Altai – not communicating with Derbent.

            However, God is merciful

            Derbent was opened to the Mediterranean – to Syria, Egypt, North Africa. The word of Heavenly God reached it before the Kipchaks came to Derbent. How? Its way was really long. Geographical maps show that the Mediterranean coast can be also reached by the Indian Ocean. That way was ready long before the IV century – from the times of Kushan khanate that conducted trade with Egypt. Through the Red Sea. Merchant fleets moved to ports of Barbarika, to Adulis, and Alexandria was the most important trade center of Egypt, which means of the whole Mediterranean.

           

            ● Strictly speaking, sea lane to Egypt was known before the Kushans. In the times of Achemenids the river Indus was explored and ships were sent from Persian lands in Gandhara down Indus to the Indian Ocean and further to Egypt. After that Darius conquered the valley of Indus and launched sea trade. Under Parthius trade became more intensive, because opening of the monsoon drift facilitated moving by sea.

            In Chinese sources there are witnesses of land contacts with Parthia, consequently, Chinese goods reached Europe through the Parthians, which increased goods turnover. After the decline of Parthia the Kushans obtained mediation in trade and control over trade routs of West and East having become the main force in the Central Asia… Of course, trade expanded cultural relations – that is for certain.

           

            Arrival of Turkic preachers to Egypt or, more preciously, to the North Africa coincided with growth of the Kushan khanate, i.e. with the I century. That is when a delegation from the East came there in order to establish “African” colonies of Altai; in history of Egypt they are known as “Indian communities”. Soon they became recognized centers of Monotheism. Belief and trade with expensive transit goods made them famous far away outside Egypt. Such “communities” were placed in Alexandria, the White Harbor and possibly in Memphis and Aksum (modern Ethiopia).          

            Historians know one such “Indian” merchant called Firm who lived in the III century and made a lot of money due to overseas trade. He was so powerful that he announced separation of Egypt from the Roman Empire. That man could buy any legion of the Roman army, any civil servant. And he bought them. The merchant grew rich due to trade with paper which could be produced only by the Turki and which the Turki themselves brought from the Kushan khanate.

            Of course, “Indian communities” did not disappear after the fall of Parthia and Kushania; trade guaranteed them a life of ease. Being influential, they supported the clergy of Derbent that sent their fosterlings to the West together with trade fleets… Monuments of Armenia and the Caucasian Albania retained the look of those people – in Turkic clothes, riding horses but without stirrups. Women and kamas (clergymen) were the only ones who rode horses without stirrups.  

            How did they preach in foreign lands? There was nothing special about it. Belief in God is the language comprehensible even by the deaf. Omnipotent traders certainly saw about translators and safety of preachers. Everything was as usual; those traditions are still kept in Egypt by descendants of natives of the “Indian communities” – by the Copts.

            True belief gave the word “Kipchak” the meaning of the word “saint” there. The Armenians, Georgians, Egyptians remembered it in the following way: truly “you will know them by their deeds”. The Turki knew: belief cannot be imposed but inculcated. Fragile and vulnerable, it draws strength not from wise words and nice myths but from deeds of people – of believers.

            Everything is of consequence here.

            … Historians did not know much about Middle-East stages of the Great Nations Migration, of arrival of the Turki to Egypt; they based their activities on legends invented by themselves. But in 1945 Mohammed Ali al-Sannami, an Egyptian peasant, found hidden ancient manuscripts in the ruins of an ancient settlement (modern Nag Hammadi). There were thirteen volumes there. Sheets of papyrus were bound with skin. The peasant's wife, an ignorant and superstitious woman, threw the finding into the fire being afraid that it would bring diseases into their house. Thus one of the manuscripts was burnt; only a small part of it remained safe. But the found treasure was not lost; it was bought by Cairo museum.  

            That is the lot of one of the greatest archeological discoveries of the XX century – Coptic library from Nag Hammadi, one of the most ancient libraries of the world. It found its readers not at once. In 1977 James Robinson published its contents, and historical sciences learnt about fifty two works of which nobody had had the slightest idea before.

 

            ● The library contains about 1000 pages of the text. Unfortunately, many works by Robinson on that subject were not published in Russia. In 1981 he told the history of his discovery (see: Robinson J.M. From the Cliff to Cairo: The Story of the Discoveries and the Middleman of the Nag Hammadi Codices // Colloque International sur les Textes de Nag Hammadi. Quebec, 1981), and in 1984 he published a facsimile edition of Nag Hammadi codices.

 

            Each volume was a collection of information written in the end of the III or the beginning of the IV century; Heavenly God is mentioned there and they are probably the only documents describing spiritual life of Egypt early in the Middle Ages. Those codices seemed to shed the light on the past. At any rate, hope appeared, as though a butterfly from Pandora's box. But… Christianity without Jesus Christ was described there.

            Authors' (or author's) were so different from further interpretations of the Greeks or Romans and had so little in common with “official” Christianity that the western science suggested a special term – “Egyptian non-church Christianity”. To tell the truth, it is difficult to agree with this suggestion since it is too unnatural. What has Christianity to do with this since there is no Christ in it?

            One should be too light-minded to believe in connection of those rolls with Christianity.

            And besides, why were they so sure? Nobody deciphered the texts to the end, nobody even knows in what language they were written. What can be discussed here? They judge about their contents considering certain familiar words meeting in local dialects. For example, A. Khosroev who has written a book about the ancient library, mentions: “… the place where the texts from Nag Hammadi were found was a Sahidic-speaking region”.

            What language was it, could it be used in archives of the tower of Babel? One can never guess.

            Perplexity becomes stronger when you learn that in that language “regardless of terrible orthography one can nevertheless recognize sub-Achmimic and not Sahidic dialect”. Dialect of what? Of what language? And who were those “Sahidic-speaking” people? What culture did they have? Scientists keep silent about that…

            Those scientific wiles are a tribute to politics; they are necessary in order to conceal the Turkic language in which divine services were conducted and which was used for writing service books in Churches that accepted Monotheism… Everything is clear.

 

            ● Certain scientists distinguished up to fifteen dialects in Coptic. Sub-Achmimic or Licopolic – derived from Licopole (Coptic Asyut), “to the south from which, supposedly, the area where this dialect was widespread stretched” – is divided into three other groups with their “phonetic, morphological, lexical and possibly syntactic peculiarities”. Sahidic dialect was deemed to be the dialect of the South, or Upper Egypt and was used near the ancient capital of Egypt – Thebes (modern Luxor). Bohranic was the dialect of Base Egypt. It became, according to linguists, the language of the “Coptic divine services, since Alexandria was the place where the Coptic Patriarch lived”.

            The Turkic language which dominated in many Coptic (Indian) communities is not even mentioned by scientists, which puts them in an embarrassing position.

 

            Many things are revealed by the history of the Coptic Church and the Copts who were, as a rule, natives of the “Indian communities”, their fosterlings. In the III century those people settled in Nile headwaters; they were imposing their moral code. At that time Egypt, the same as the Caucasian Albania, officially accepted Monotheism. Today in Egypt they are called Christians in order to distinguish them from other adherents of Monotheism – the Moslems.

            But the Copts keep traditions of divine services which the Turki from Altai had – not much has changed there over the centuries, although Coptic Catholics and Coptic Protestants appeared. Their appearance is rather a tribute to fashion and time. The community still exists and keeps on trading as it used to do formerly… it is a conservative organization, it has cared about its business for centuries and thus it retained its belief.

            In the Turkic language “Copt” means “to rise”, “eminent”. Egyptians that accepted Monotheism were called so some time ago. The official science provides absolutely different information about the Copts, which has nothing to do with reality. They assert, for instance, that the Church was created by the Greeks for them. But the Greek Christians appeared after Egypt was conquered by Byzantium; they came to Nile when everything had been already done there.

 

            ● The word copt is derived from the Greek word Aigiptos – “Egyptian” and from Arabic al-cubt, al-cybt, al-cobt – “Egyptians that accepted Christianity”. But these are somebody's speculative theories. Were the Egyptians that stupid and not independent that they took a Greek name for themselves? The Arabic version is even less likely. The name “Copt” appeared long before the Arabic language appeared in the X century, which means it could not have been of Arabic origin.

 

            In the V century the Greeks forcedly subdued the Coptic Church having appointed their Patriarch in Alexandria, but the Copts did not recognize him. Two Patriarchs – Greek and Egyptian – have been acting there simultaneously since then. At that the Egyptian one called himself “Cathalyk”, the same as in Armenia, Albania and Georgia; the Greek word “Catholicos” appeared later. And at the same time the Copts had another title, “Pope”, or “Apa” as they had it, which means “Holy Father” in Turkic. The inscription “apa” can be found on Coptic icons of the IV – V centuries… This is not incidental information.

            And there is one more thing. The Coptic Church differed from that in Byzantium. The Copts have non-Christian ceremonies and dogmas. And there are many of them: it seems some things remained from previous beliefs of the Egyptians, others were taken from the Turki. It strikes the eye even after centuries. Anyway, in 1727 Wasil Grigorovich-Barskiy, the Russian civil servant, wrote having visited Egypt: “The Copts, those who underwent circumcision, they perform baptism and circumcision and adhere to other heresies”.    

            And than: “The Greek Patriarch and those around him are treated as miscreants”. And interesting observation. But how can it be correlated with the “Greek origin”?

            The Copts is a unique social phenomenon, it should be accepted as it is. Like a tree that retained its roots and grafted by what was brought from the East – by Monotheism. Tengri's cross had been placed on top of temples since the IV century. The Turki did not impose their culture; the Copts took as much as they needed, that is why their “new belief” was so variable.

            Every nation retained its face and every Church – its individuality.

            Armenian, Albanian, Iberian, Syrian, Coptic, Ethiopian Churches, basing on Monotheism, differed from each other. Even the cross did not level out differences. By the way, the same equilateral cross shone on tops of Buddhist temples from the times of Kanishka. It emphasized the similarity of beliefs, the unity of its source.

            In Egypt there are cemeteries, temples, bishops' residencies of those times – the sign of Tengri, the “Heavenly” sign of Altai is everywhere. Unfortunately, those findings were insufficiently examined; archeologists keep on trying to correlate their findings with the Greek Christianity, which they are not able to do.

            However, the past is clarified not by archeological findings alone, but also by family trees of certain Coptic families. The Copts call their ancestors “ahmar”, which in their language means “red”, “blond”. Egyptian, Sudanese and Ethiopian legends tell about fair-haired and blue-eyed newcomers. Who were those people? From where? For instance, they assured that in their native lands water turns in transparent stones and in summer the Sun shines even at night. And their clothes were striking too – trousers, shirts, hoods and boots. Of course, those people rode horses which the Near East had not seen before. There were donkeys and camels there but not horses.

            Ethiopian legends say: sacred texts of the IV century connected with the name of Heavenly God are written in the ancient Amharic language. But that language – the Turkic language! – was the language of the court and nobility. Its dialect has not disappeared even now, although the language itself, certainly, has changed since more than a thousand and a half years have elapsed. But the stem remained since the Turkic language, as it was mentioned by experts long ago, is notable for “strong resistance to changes”. Five – seven percent of its words get out of date during a thousand years. This rare feature is peculiar only to ancient languages.  

            Influence of “Indian communities” on the language of Ethiopia and Egypt is not denied by scientists, but none of them explains how such influence is shown. By the way, in the language of the Copts living in regions of the Upper Egypt there are many Turkic words and expressions in use. Even certain phrases. From where?... But this question was put by non-experts.

 

            ● In Ethiopia the nation called Amhara (Amara) is related to the descendants of fair-haired newcomers; they changed the life of the country like the Nagas did in India. The ancient Amharic language in which sacred texts of the IV century were written, is called Ge'ez in Ethiopia. The name consists of two ancient Turkic words: ge (news, glory) and ez (essence), which literally means “the essence of news”. The essence of the teaching was in question! In that language the word “tsar” sounded as “nagashi”. Newcomers, whose patron was a serpent or dragon (and the same goes with the Nagas) gave Ethiopia and other countries of the North Africa belief and written language. Ethiopian written language was directed the same as that of the Turki – from left to right. And they used runes which, to tell the truth, were slightly different.

 

            Let us assume that the language is a disputable issue. But the Ahmars also left barrows. G. Risener, the member of an Anglo-American expedition, was among the first who made excavations in that region; scientists examined one hundred fifty ancient cemeteries – they faced about eight thousand burial places. But that was not everything. A lot of barrows were recently met in headwaters of Nile, to the south from Abu Simbel, Kustal and Ballan; and then everything went to the bottom of the Aswan Reservoir.

            History was drowned in the proper sense of the word, as though on purpose.

            But it is impossible to conceal that ancient newcomers from the North buried their leaders in a vaulted crypt of a barrow putting silver crowns on their heads. An iron sword, a horse covered with a silver harness and four choked slaves, as well as crockery and other welfare items accompanied them to the other world… How did the ceremony appear? Even a pupil getting a satisfactory mark at the lesson of regional ethnography will guess by his first attempt, which is of no consequence at all for the western science. And at the same time the science does not have its own opinion.

            One would think, what are the doubts based on? Barrows near Abu Simbel, Kustul and Ballan were examined by the archeologist U. Emery in 1931 – 1934. What he saw was really striking: burial places repeated tsarist barrows of the Eurasian steppe. Not only them, but also the tomb of Hilderik (the father of the baptizer of the Franks) in France, the famous Sutton Hoo barrow in the South England, “Black Tomb” in Russia. Geography and chronology of monuments coincided with the route of the Great Nations Migration. How can one not notice it? But they did not notice!

            Spiritual and material culture of Altai is unique in its images and subjects. Turkic motives prevailed in church graphic arts, they are the same in Nubia, Europe and Russia. Marking their striking similarity with Buddhist themes, scientists cannot explain what they see. Because Altai – the source of that culture – is hidden by a great many unbelievable hypotheses.

            There, in Altai, water freezes up in winter, the sun shines in summer for a long time and burial ceremonies are exactly the same as the Ahmars have it – using crypts and barrows. Crowns, ornaments on swards – they are the same, they cannot be mixed up. Ornament is the sign of culture, its “tamga”… Turkic toponymy is not accidental in the North Africa. It is evident. On any geographical map. And it is also “unnoticed”.

            The Europeans say “Blue Nile”, while it is more correctly to use the word “Heavenly”. The name is not based on blue water – it is muddy there – but the Sky reflected in it , which is witnessed by the name of one inflow of Heavenly Nile – the Dinder-river (it comes from the Turkic “Tengri”). There, on the banks, were spiritual centers of the Coptic and Abyssinian Churches. Those sacred places are still visited by pilgrimages; they call the Blue Nile with the word known not to everybody – “Abay”. The name remained on maps of Ethiopia. That is the “Ahmaric” language of red-haired ancestors of the Copts.

            But the Turkic spirit declares itself even better in another thing.

            … It is commonly supposed that Egypt became famous due to pyramids; in fact it happened due to the School of Alexandria. It gave the West outstanding philosophers, mathematicians, astronomers, physicians. Not Greece or Rome were the centers of science of the ancient world; scientists got knowledge in Alexandria. That was a unique place on the planet – East and West of the ancient world met there.

            “Travels to get wisdom” from Egypt to the Turki, to the Kushan khanate, were important two thousand years ago. Religious and philosophic ideas were brought from there. In Egypt Altaic concepts of Heavenly God were sort of polished. Gnosticism is in question – it was in minds of philosophers in the I – III centuries. As a matter of fact, those contacts of scientists paved the way for appearance of a new belief in Egypt and Europe. Belief could not appear from nowhere.

 

            ● It is not by chance that in a Turkic monastery near Issyk Kul, according to the legend, evangelist Matthew who has written one of the texts of the New Testament is buried.

 

            ● In the I century Dione Chrisostom, the well-known orator, expressed his disappointment in ancient civilization. Exalting the customs of “Egyptian Indians”, the orator admired their spiritual counselors; according to him they are “full of justice and love to the divine, they know “the source of the truth”. And in the II century many western philosophers connected their ideals with the Kushan khanate trying to visit that “land of wisdom”.

            Pilgrimages were popular among scientists and educated people of the West. Their route to the East started in Egypt. And of course in the first instance this phenomenon was popular in Egypt itself. It also took place in Meroe (ancient town in modern Sudan). Religious concepts of Altai that reached philosophers of Meroe through Kushania evolved there for another cultural media.   

 

            Thus Alexandria turned to the teaching of Heavenly God – the Creator of the world, immortality of the soul, justice of Heaven, heaven and hell, - in a word, it started to cognize the philosophy to which Kanishka adhered. The West called that teaching “Egyptian non-church Christianity”. Or “Christianity without Jesus Christ”.

            Here it is, an ideological platform, on which the Coptic Church stood. After Egypt was colonized by the Greek the teaching was called “Gnosticism” (from the word “cognizant”) and entered the history of religions with it. Nothing was changed except for the name, since that was the definition of the term “religion”.

 

            ● Clement the Alexandrian, the head of the Divinity School of Alexandria (died in 215) said that. He tried to prove that “wisdom of the Greeks is not original and philosophical systems matching with those of the West existed in the East long before them”. In his work called “Carpets” (200 – 202) he wrote: “Philosophy… had been popular among the barbarians for a long time, it gave the light to nations, and after that it came to the Hellens (bold provided. – M.A.)”. And, naming philosophers – barbarians, he emphasized Altaic shamans.

 

            Turkic wisdom teaches: if you spit into the sky – you spit into your face. So it happened.

            Any denials are improper here. The facts witness: early in the IV century Altaic belief was accepted by both, East and West. And information that Jesuits later tried to efface the memory of the Europeans remained in Asia. For a long time the Christians “fighting against paganism found support in Buddhism… in which Buddha was regarded as analogue of Christ”. That is why “Gospels of Christ's Childhood” and biographies of Buddha are so similar (according to the text); there are dozens of “coincidences” in them.

 

            ● St. Augustine (354 – 430), the founder of the Christian philosophy, remembered that relation; he considered Buddhism to be an approximation to the absolute truth of Christianity. And that was not by chance that he called Kushanian sages “inhabitants of the City of God”… But that is referred to later.

 

            In order not to “compromise” their belief, in the Middle Ages the Christians denied all ancient Gospels having called them apocryphal, which meant they were not recognized by the Church. They rewrite them! And what happened? Nothing at all is known about Christ's early days now… However, if not going into details, is not that the reason to think of the history of Christianity?! And not in Palestine?

            Texts of ancient Gospels arbitrarily repudiated by the inquisition give food for such thoughts.

 

            … Having accepted Monotheism, Egypt accepted a new written language as an obligatory condition. They used to write with hieroglyphs there; the new alphabet symbolized the new culture which came not by peoples whims; it was because of Time. Texts found in Nag Hammadi told a lot: part of them was written with “new” letters in an unknown (or, more preciously, forgotten) language which as a matter of fact was not deciphered.

 

            ● In order to write sacred texts belonging to another religious and language culture it is not enough to make a new alphabet; the language itself should be made. At that the language was to express religious reality unknown to Egyptians. That is a very important conclusion, which has never been really considered. And to agree with it is the only way to understand why manuscripts from Nag Hammadi haven’t been read and why there are so many “blank pages” in the history of the Copts and their Church.

            Writings found in Nag Hammadi were of “Gnostic character”. Their likeness with similar Greek texts has only one explanation: both, the Copts and Greeks had one and the same source of narration – ancient texts of Altai. That is the old reason of contradictions between Greek and “early Egyptian church Christianity”.

            If one remembers that according to Greek legends Greek alphabet is connected with a foreign tsar being the husband of the dragon's daughter, similarity of written languages is explained to an extent.

 

            Written language was called Coptic, which is absolutely wrong. The same written language was used in the Armenian, Albanian and other Churches. In Derbent it was also used. That was the secret writing of adherents of Monotheism, they were the only ones who knew it. Written language is another sign of the new belief. The sign known to old priests whose time had gone.

 

            ● Letters of Pachomius who founded a monastery by the Turkic example in Egypt in the IV century were also written in that “divine” language. This language has not been deciphered yet. Of course it had nothing in common with magic cryptography; secret writing was used in order to conceal information from the foreigners, i.e. the uninitiated.

 

            The beginning of the IV century is a milestone in history of many nations. Not only the Egyptians and Ethiopians obtained the new written language but also the Armenians, Georgians, Albanians – all nations that accepted the belief in Heavenly God. At that some took runic written language of the Turki as the basis for their “secret writings”, as the Armenians, Albanians, Georgians, Copts or Amhars did, and others took Altaic cursive writing, as did the Persians and Syrians (Aramaeans).

 

            ● The Armenians connect invention of their alphabet with the name of Mesrop Mashtots and Patriarch Saak. It is interesting that Saak belonged to Arshakids and was aware of traditions of the Turkic culture and written language.

 

            Adjusting the new alphabet people were trying to make it compatible with phonetics of their language, which also led to differences. But here, in these differences, History is traced. Runic written language was widespread among the Turkic Kipchaks and cursive writing – among the Turkic Oguzes. However, it could not have been otherwise since they taught to believe in Heavenly God in the Turkic language.

            … Today there are about one and a half million Copts – formally they are “Gnostics”, they set a high value on it although they cannot explain their history. In the world there are several similar communities lost in oases in deserts. They lead an instable life: among the Amhars in Ethiopia, among the Nubians in Sudan, among the Berbers in Libya and Algeria. And they have no approaches to the past. And they are direct descendants of the Turki, those newcomers from the north which were proud of their faraway native land and described it with delight. Before the colonization they had been speaking the dialect of their native language for centuries. It is known that in the times of Vasco da Gama Turkic speech could be heard in ports of the Somali Peninsula, Egypt and India.

            The loss of the language was not the most terrible loss caused by colonialism. The Copts lost their belief; its essence. The West used the British to destroy the original religion of the Copts. Temples and monasteries fell to desolation not by themselves – sacred relics and books were carried out to Europe from there… Colonizers were the masters there till 1952.

            After Egypt became independent, the Coptic Church relived, but one can hardly look at it without sorrow. It is like a man whom unkind people teach to walk, eat and talk after a long disease. Tears run down his face, but nobody can tell whether those are the tears of happiness or sorrow.                

            The Europeans inculcated false knowledge of impiety of their ancestors to the Copts who are now ashamed of their great past.

 

 

            “HOSPITALITY” IN NEW EUROPE

 

            After the coming of the Turki the West was changing rapidly; the Great Nations Migration changed the culture in the Middle Asian Caucasus, Near East and Africa at first. Stars in the sky started to shine differently in the Roman Empire, which was unexpected for its rulers.

            The Emperor Diocletian was the first who felt the coming storm, he was an experienced ruler. Not going into reasons of those changes, he returned the status quo: he suppressed distemper in Armenia and invaded into the western regions of Parthia. Later in 303 he proclaimed persecutions against “new Christians” that had become the fifth column in the Empire, its active enemies – especially in Africa. The Emperor acted consistently and cautiously but… it was too late; a war could do nothing then.

            Changes in Rome were coming slowly; the sky denoted an approaching storm, but self-affected rulers were not bothered. The Empire did not feel its approaching death; it did not see the changes coming. Centuries-old domination depraved it since its enemies and allies were the same for it.

            The West saw its strength in swords of legionaries and relied only on them.

            And the Turkic Kipchaks constituted a threat when they appeared near the boundaries of the Empire in the III century; their union with nations dependent on Rome gave the latter hope for liberation. That was the harbinger of death of the Empire. The Great Nations Migration formed a new political climate, new sentiments, which is always dangerous for a despot. As a matter of fact, it often happens during periods of change. Danger is always unexpected and destructive, like a whirlwind or hurricane.

            The Roman rulers ignored it. They should have been thinking about a defence, but they did not. They simply did nothing. Being self-assured they were not going to defend themselves.

            And… their rescue was lost.

            Rome did not understand that the Great Nations Migration was rather a cultural operation than a military one. Not a sword but the spirit was its strongest weapon. The war of concepts commenced, and legionaries were to play a minor part in it. Society turned to the new ideology, new culture – that is what happens when epochs are changing. That was the first time in history when a word played the most important part – the Sky made people talk. As it is written in the Apocalypse: “And from His mouth comes a sharp sword, so that with it He may smite the nations”.

            East came to Europe with an iron rod – the symbol of power or, more preciously, of the new epoch. The Middle Ages were to change antiquity. An Altaic star shone over the world; it illuminated the planet with its steely glitter. The Jews were the first to see it in the times of Cyrus; they were followed by Buddhists that recognized Tengri in the I century and later by Zoroastrians, Manicheans, Armenians and Gregorians that were the first who heard the voice of the Most High in the West. Hence is Heavenly Nile, because “the world begins in the East”.

            Rome was the only one that did not turn its eyes to the Sky. It stubbornly kept watching under its feet…

            It is striking that descendants of pagans keep on claiming for what their ancestors had nothing to do with – belief in God. In order to affirm what they say they distorted and effaced peoples memory of such terms as “Turkic culture”, “Great Nations Migration” and represented the Turki as Barbarians, as cruel creatures.

            But was it really like that?

            … Before the union with the Turki that small group of people known today as “early Christians” did not call themselves that way. They went to synagogues, adhered to Jewish ceremonies and holidays, performed circumcision. To tell the truth, for the Greeks and other heathens apostle Paul did not consider circumcision necessary, but he used to say proudly about himself: “I was circumcised on the eighth day, I belong the family of Israel, to the tribe of Benjamin, the Jew form the Jews” (Phil 3 3-5). These are the words from the Christian Bible.

 

            ● That is why the scientific world called the early Christians Judeo-Christians. That is not the best name but it reflects the essence of first communities that worshipped the prophet Joshua but retained ceremonies and customs traditional for Judaism.

 

            The lines are dated by the I century and addressed to the Jews – sectaries that rejected gods thus making people around them suspicious. Those were the people who lived in the streets and catacombs – the masses. Scientists or educated people were seldom met among them. That is why it is doubtful to assume that the scientific theory of Gnosticism that had a philosophical meaning and was used in practice could be born among those people who rejected their gods.

            Such doubts are strengthened by works of ancient scientists (Eusebius and others). They report of atheistic sentiments in communities of the Jewish sect and that atheists were not called “early Christians”. That name came to them later, in several centuries.   

            It is not even clear when the word “Christianity” appeared? And how?

            Let us say one more time: the Jewish sect of atheists was formed during the war of the years 66 – 73 in India; it was formed of the Jews that refused to defend their native lands. Their position is reflected in Apocalypse that was put together after acquaintance with the Parthian world. Today that text is connected with the name of Christ beginning with its first lines saying that that was “The Revelation of Jesus which God gave Him to show to His bond-servants the things which must shortly take place”. But in ancient Apocalypse there were no words about Jesus Christ at all, which is recognized by reputable church editions – a nameless lamb was in question there.

            Christian encyclopedia says: “Apocalypse was written by different authors. The book with a Jewish base could be written in the 70s by apostle John and latter it was supplemented by certain inlets and additions”. Those inlets and additions are of no legal effect, as modern lawyers will say. And they are right… During the Middle Ages five chapters were added to Apocalypse – two in the beginning and three in the end. And the text written by apostle John was edited.

            The ancient book, the sacred text, the revelation of the apostle to which chapters were added?! At that they were added not by apostles. It turns out anybody can rewrite texts being the basis of the Bible. They can be corrected for the sake of politics. And in what is their sanctity if anybody can touch it?..

            Of course modern editors of ancient texts should consider new standards of language; nobody argues that. But they are not entitled to “edit”, rewrite and make inlets… That is akin to counterfeiting. But everybody puts up with it. Just because the world did not know the words “Jesus Christ” in the I century!

            And when medieval theologians started in put them into sacred texts they thus disturbed confidence in Christianity and authority of the Church. Archbishop themselves often provoked sensible congregation for religious conflicts which were so common in the Middle Ages. Proclaiming persecution of heresy the Church often started persecution of the truth. In the history of the Western Europe that is the fight against Devotionalists, Cathars, Albigenses and other “heretics” whose only fault was that they did not want to abandon worshipping Heavenly God… They did not need sacred books with inlets distorted by semiliterate monks.

            Was that the conflict of belief or the conflict of conscience?

            Jesus Christ is a Greek name; nobody denies that – it appeared in the Asia Minor in the IV century and related to the person whom Jews – sectaries themselves called Joshua. Unfortunately, theological science did not find an answer to the question why Joshua, who was a Jew, obtained a Greek name three centuries after his death.

 

            ● It is considered, for instance, that Christianity was mentioned perhaps for the first time by Pliny the younger (about 61 – 114), the Roman writer and legate in Bethany (today in the territory of Turkey). In a letter to the Emperor Trajan he asked how to treat the new Jewish sect. Pliny's anxiety was caused by agitation in the Jewry. There is a question: could the Greek word “Christ” be used during interrogations of Jewish sectaries by the Roman legate? Certainly not. It seems that later copyists changed the Jewish word “messiah” by the Greek equivalent “Christ” that was more comprehensible and well-known.

            Or why was that name connected with Heavenly God whom Europe did not know in the I century? More and more questions… So where is it – the source of religion of the West? That is not simple curiosity or abuse of the foreign belief. The Europeans themselves need to know the source of religion.

            That is a fine question. Contradictory answers were given to it. For example, L. Graham from the USA was categorical: “the Bible is not “God's word”; it was stolen from pagan sources. Its heaven, Adam and Eve were taken from Babylonian legend; its flood is a summary of about four narrations of the flood. Its ark and Ararat have their equivalents in many myths about the flood… some verses are a literal copy of Egyptian papyruses”. And so on and so forth. “127 analogies were found between Jesus and Egyptian Horus; between Jesus and Krishna there are hundreds of them. How can the Bible be the revelation of the Jews?” One can hardly object to the author. By the way, he is not the only one who thinks so.

 

            ● Quotation: Kryvelev I.A. The Bible: Historical and Critical Analysis. P. 18 – 19. Ref. 1.

 

It is taken for granted that one cannot accept this viewpoint but what can be suggested instead? Helpless interpretations of modern theology that are beneath criticism? That very “science” that has changed the sacred text of the Bible beyond recognition due to its negation of the Turkic culture?

            The Bible of the Christians appeared by the end of the IV century. Or, more preciously, fragments of the New Testament appeared while its more or less finished text appeared by 691. After the year 691 (after the Council in Trullo) the Christians, for example, have been painting Christ on their icons as a human being; before that they used to offer prayers to the image of Tengri in the Turkic language, and Christ was painted as a Lamb, i.e. a sheep.

            Starting to abuse the Turki, their “Gnosticism” and suggesting inventions instead, theologians had not a gaudy lot. There are two Bibles, two Sacred Writings, two different books with similar names. The ancient book of the Jews – it was written according to the Turkic texts adding elements of the Jewish culture to them. These writings were put together after liberation of the Jews by Cyrus, i.e. in the VI century B.C.

            In the Middle Ages Greek theologians translated and supplemented it – thus appeared Septuagint which has become the Old Testament of the Christians, the part of their Bible. But – it should be emphasized! – the texts of those books differ fundamentally.

            In order to “dignify” the Jewish text translators made an inexcusable thing: “Yahve” (one of the patrons of the Semites), “Elohim” (their deities and spirits) and “Terafim” (their idols) were translated as “God”; one word was used for it and thus a “modest swindle” was performed, as contemporaries would say about what they have done.

            With a stroke of a pen the Greeks created certain “Monotheism”. Their evident forgery made orthodox Jews indignant: they did not pronounce the name of their patron – Yahve. They keep silent about idols and discrepancies in the Bible although they are aware of them.

 

            ● Instead of Yahve the Jews often say Adonai. And that is in accordance with the history of Judaism. In antiquity, in the times of Cyrus, the name was pronounced exactly the same, it consisted of two Turkic words: atyn (his name, by name), ai (call). The literal translation is “call by name”: atyn ai ~ adyn ai ~ adonai. It happened that Cyrus's words became immortal. Another thing is interesting in this connection – in Septuagint instead of Yahve the name Cyrios is sometimes used (meaning Heavenly God).  

 

            … The same happened with the name “Jesus Christ”. In the Greek language it means “Anointed”, i.e. Messiah, the Savior.

            It seems not the name but the image appeared at first. It happened when in the III century George from Armenia visited the Turkic Kipchaks by the will of God – he was exiled for fourteen years to the “snake pit”, according to the legend. And he saw the sign – the image – as a matter of fact, the whole Armenian culture is based on it. A new epoch started from that sign: the Western world knew the Most High. Nobody had known about Heavenly God there before that.

            It is possible that George was the first one in the Roman Empire who understood that Joshua was a prophet. His prophecy was written in Apocalypse and it came true – riders sent by Heavenly God appeared near the boundaries of the Empire. The Savior is near. And the people will become the allies of the Savior (Messiah) having accepted the new prophet.

            The image gave the idea that was to turn into a religion.

 

            ● The Turkic concept of the Savior and Lord's Anointed reflected traditional views on the part of the tsar in Turkic society; it also existed with the Jews. After liberation of Babylonian supremacy the Jews called Cyrus (the Turki) with that name. In the Book of the Prophet Isaiah God addresses to “Cyrus, His anointed”, telling Him: “My Shepherd, and he will do my will” [Is 45 1; 44 28].

            At the same time the Jews had the notion of the Servant of God sent to the Earth to save the people. In the Book of the Prophet Isaiah, in chapters written in the VI century B.C., the Servant of God who preaches the new belief and suffers in expiation of sins of his nation giving light to all nations glorified by God is described [Is 42 1 – 7; 49 1 – 6; 50 4 – 9; 52 13 – 53 12]. That was not Cyrus; that was the Messenger of God – “testament for nations and the light for pagans”.

            The Turki also had the image of the Servant of God; it was formed in Altai and called Heser (Hesar, Ceasr, Cedar). With it the Turki connected the coming of belief in Heavenly God. However, he appears in the Bible under that name. “Sing God a new song… Let the desert and its towns and settlements where Cidar lives make their voice higher” – as it is said in the Book of the Prophet Isaiah about the Servant of God [Is 42 10 – 11].

            “In that description of the Servant of God the first Christian Church recognized a mysterious prophesy about life and redemptive death of Christ”, - as it is written in comments to the Bible. Thus the Bible united ancient legends of the Turki, Jews and Jewish sectaries initiating the new religion – Christianity. Gregory, the future head of the Armenian Church, was the first who understood that while he was in exile, which gave secular fame to Armenia – the country which was the first that took the path of Christianity.

 

            Neighbors of the Armenians – the Greeks – learnt about it; they were also dreaming of being released from Rome's power. Who was the first who exclaimed: “Jesus – Christ!” – one cannot tell now. But the exclamation related to the one who foretold the future. It is possible that at first those words related to George, the would-be founder of the Armenian Church, himself. Anyway, the new name of Joshua – “Jesus Christ” – was the reply to persecutions against the new Armenian belief declared by Diocletian. In other words those persecutions were against the allies of the Turki – against the Christians.

            It is indicative that Jewish sectaries were not persecuted; certain Jews were even members of the Emperor's retinue, which tells a lot to an unbiased reader.

            However, soon, according to contemporaries (Eusebius and others), Diocletian himself started to consider an opportunity of acceptance of the new belief. He was a real politician; he realized that Jesus Christ meant much more than the Jew Joshua. It should be mentioned, that was no news. From ancient times people believe in mystery – that is the nature of human soul fro which mystery is especially important. In antiquity change of gods and patrons was not forbidden; it was just necessary that a new God was stronger than the previous one.

            That is what happened early in the IV century; people in the Roman Empire saw that old Gods were powerless. The Gods of the riders that came from the East gave victories, which meant he was stronger.

            George was called the Enlightener for that concept given to Europe. He – and nobody else! – brought an equilateral cross – the symbol of the new belief – to Cappadocia (to the territory of the Roman Empire) on tsarist chariot accompanied by the riders. That was the first cross in the West; it has not been lost – it still shines over the Armenian Church. It has been just changed a little.

            “Early Christians”, as we know it, did not know the cross, which is witnessed by the Christian Encyclopedia, and called it “the sign of the beast”.

            The escort that accompanied George the Enlightener “was headed by the military leader Mamgo (Mamgon)”, he was the native of Altai, wrote Moses Khorenatsi, the famous expert in the history of Armenia. Mamgo and his horde lived near the boundaries with China, close to Sogdiana, but left his native land due to discords. Armenia sheltered the military leader: the tsar Tiridat offered to head the army “of the whole Armenia, both cavalries and infantry forces, and stay with the great tsar of Armenia”. The family of Mamikonians originated from Mamgo, as it was mentioned. And not only it.

            “The great tsar of Armenia” Tiridat exalted his relative George: they had an advantageous union which revealed a lot… Another interesting historical detail becomes evident – the ruler of Armenia legalized his title “tsar”, but why? The ruler of the Caucasian Albania, having declared about the new Church, also obtained the title “tsar”. The fact that can hardly be explained not knowing the peculiarities of Turkic society.

            The Turkic title “tsar” or, more preciously, ksar or ser, had the khan with whom lived the head of the clergy. That was the highest title of temporality; other khans were obliged to obey to it. It is evident that the word is derived from the name Geser, i.e. from the name of the Turkic Prophet, the son of Heavenly God. Hence is devout worship of Gods known from literary sources; hence is permanent fight for the tsarist crown and “trueness” of belief. Dozens of new details appear in known stories which seemed usual and even common before.  

 

            ● It is commonly supposed that the word “tsar” is derived from the Latin word “Caesar”. It is supposed that the name of the Roman Emperor Cajus Julius Caesar gave the name to the title which several monks used. However in the Roman Empire Caesars were called only relatives of the monarch, while for reigning emperors there was the title “August”. Not going into details concerning Roman customs, let us mention that the title kaisara was found on coins of Kanishka II, the ruler of the Kushan khanate… That was not a Roman invention. Detailed description of traditions of tsarist power is provided later.

 

            By the way, “crown” is also a Turkic word; it means “guard” (korun); that was one of the ancient symbols of the East. The sign of consecration by God – the same as the scepter and the ball. Khans were encrowned by the high clergyman who also gave the attributes of power – the scepter and the ball, after which a khan was called the tsar. In the West, as we know, they had neither such title as “tsar” not a crown before the coming of the Turki; Roman Emperors had a diadem on their heads, which is another thing.

            It turns out Armenia was the first region of the Roman Empire that accepted belief in Heavenly God and attributes of the Turkic nationhood. It turned away from paganism wishing to retain the secret union of Arshakids – Tiridat and George. The people that opened Altaic culture to the West. They spirited Europe away from pagans.

            The memory of Altaic roots helped them become established in the new religion and new politics. After all, the Caucasian Turki with their cavalry standing near Derbent were not unknown foreigners for the ruling elite of Armenia. They were kindred souls. They were the support.

 

            ● It was not by chance that contemporaries called them “barsils”, which in the ancient Turkic language means “panther tribe” (in the Russian language “panthers” is pronounced as “bars”). In other words leaders there belonged to the same tsarist family as Achemenids in Persia and Arshakids in Parthia and Armenia. Thus another important conclusion can be made: the capital of the Caucasian Albania was called Barda (Partav, Parsava) in token of respect to common ancestors. That town is now located in Azerbaijan; its ancient ruins are noticeable near modern buildings. Here they are – bonds between times and nations!

 

            The tsars of Armenia continued the great mission of Achemenids. They all adhered to precepts written in ancient Turkic books: to bear belief in Heavenly God. That is witnessed by the Prophecy of Cyrus in the Bible. “I girded you, - God says addressing to “Cyrus, his anointed” so that everybody knows from sun to sun that there is no [God] except for Me” [Is 45 5 – 6].

            Thus a sprout of New Christianity appeared at the turn of epochs. Not Jewish ground gave birth to it…

           

            What reasons did historians have to speak about the “early Christians”? There was only one reason – lack of knowledge in the Turkic belief and unwillingness to know it. By the way, Armenia came to harm due to allegiance to the union with the Turki; western Christians do not recognize its history, they deny the founders of the Armenian Church, its symbols and teaching. It has been so for one and a half thousand years, starting from the Council of Chalcedon – unjust denial and anathema to those who opened the Christian world to the people.

 

            ● It was not by chance that Armenia fell soon after the Council of Chalcedon (431): it was divided between East (Persia) and West (Byzantium). That tragedy was accompanied by another one – abolishment of the tsarist power of Arshakids in Armenia. “Arsak's descendants were deprived of tsarist dignity which they had for more than 560 years”, - E. Gibbon wrote. That was the blow of European Christians against the Armenian Church and Armenian spirituality simultaneously.

 

            It should be mentioned in this connection: today there are dozens of Christian Churches in the world uniting millions of people but… every Church denies all other ones: Catholics are not recognized by Orthodox Christians; Orthodox Christians are not recognized by Protestants and so on and so forth. The Christian world is made of deliberate conflicts and denials. Where is the Truth in it? And the Truth is that in 325 Christianity did not differ from the Turkic belief that was called Monophysitism by western theologians.

            Early in the IV century such state of affairs was justified in terms of politics: the Great Nations Migration bore cultural fruits to feed everyone. The ceremony had an Altaic base, the same as divine services language. That has been forgotten after centuries (after the inquisition). Altaic Monotheism was called “Gnosticism”, which meant “heresy”.

            And appearance of the new religion in the IV century was the Event; it was mentioned by historians of the Caucasus, Iran, but “not noticed” by those from the West. Moses Khorenatsi paid special attention to it in “The History of Armenia”, the same as Favst Buzand who described certain peculiarities of expansion of belief.

            It is indicative that the Turki had adherents in eastern regions of the Empire. First European Christian Churches appeared there or, more preciously, those were the communities of believers in Heavenly God or, according to church terminology, Monophysites – they went to Derbent so as to become the followers of the new cult. For them the world began in the East.

            The flame was flaring in the sky of the Empire.

            Those eastern regions still obeyed Rome, but legionaries were afraid to appear there: rebellions, insurrections, fires, murders were common there. “The Golden Age” proclaimed by Diocletian was coming for good; everything was collapsing although there was no invasion of the foreigners. Not any foreign soldier appeared in “sacred” Rome; which was perplexing.

            Events happened as though of their own accord.

            Of course there were no Churches in the modern sense of the word; the ceremony was absent: there were no clergymen, there were no temples. They did not attract people. That was the idea!.. Tyrants are powerless against the spirit of the people, and belief in God strengthened the spirit of yesterday's slaves; it changed their consciousness. That is the victory of spiritual culture.

            Paganism was retreating cowardly. There was a real civil war in the Empire, but nobody saw any weapons. That was the most striking thing for the people. God's word stroke like lighting during a storm. Diocletian was at a loss – he left his throne and voluntarily hung up fiddle to “grow cabbage” as his contemporaries would say.      

            In 311 the new Emperor Galerius openly forgave the “new Christians”, i.e. the Armenians and their followers, and thus stopped persecutions against them. The condition of forgiveness was set forth in his order: “let Christians become Christians again”. That legendary phrase perplexes even the most experienced researchers: New religion (“nova religio”, as it is written in the order) was in question there.

            These two words are key if one wants to understand the essence of the subject. Because the only thing in common between the new religion (Armenian belief) and the Jewish sect was worship of the prophet Joshua (Jesus). All the rest in the “Armenian belief” was Turkic. Galerius, appealing to the Christians to become Christians again, asked them to deny the “nova religio” and return to “worship services of their own nation”, or to Jewish ceremonies. The Emperor did not know or pretended he did not know that Jewish sectaries were not the ones who set the East on fire. Those were other people!

 

            ● One can understand the difference between ceremonies of the Armenian Church and Jewish sectaries even today if he visits the “Sabbatarians”, i.e. Christians – Judaizers that keep the traditions of their predecessors (Judaic Christians), which are absolutely different things at the bottom. One of such communities now lives in the Azerbaijanian settlement called Privolnoe.

 

            For Rome appearance of the Armenian Church meant nothing: it did not care whether they were sectaries or were not. Not feeling the subtlety, it did not differ “new Christians” and “Jews”, hence it asked people to return to “worship services of their own nation”.

            Researchers of religion understand phrases from documents in another way as compared with governors. And the phrase: “let Christians be Christians again” was evidently an order. They, those who knew Heavenly God and saw the light of freedom were offered to become the slaves of the Empire again. No doubt, such condition could not be accepted.

            That was the destined hour of Rome.

            … Leaving Rome and trying to save it, the Emperor Diocletian left tetrarchy – state system providing the power of two senior Emperors with the titles of Augustus and two minor ones. But the reform just poured oil on flames; rulers of eastern and western regions were at enmity from the first day. Everyone wanted to be the head of state.

            In this fight competitors were eliminated by hands of “new Christians”. Maxentius was among the first who gauged their strength. Proclaimed an Emperor in 306, he openly extended his patronage to the “nova religio” in Africa, reckoning on mutual support. Thus being born the religion was turned into a political instrument. That was the mark of Christianity that has been always connected with politics since then.

            However, in that race for power Maxentius was defeated by Constantine who was really sophisticated in intrigues; that happened in 312.

            Not the belief that Constantine did not accept interested him, that ruler without actual power, but the military union! He started from afar; he relied on eastern regions of the Empire. People there were dreaming of freedom and needed a military union with the Kipchaks, as it happened in Armenia… Was it by chance that the “new Christians” found supporters among the Greeks?

            Desire of the Greeks to break free of the power of Rome was of advantage for Constantine in his fight against Maxentius and his further plans.

            In 312 near the Mulville Bridge, near the walls of Rome unexpectedly appeared Constantine's army consisting of Turkic riders and defeated the Roman army. Maxentius died in that fight. The Empire split after that fatal blow. Roman colonies realized: the words of Apocalypse came true; pagan idols were falling, although everybody understood the words “freedom” and “Christianity” in their own way.  

            Before that fight Constantine ordered his warriors (Europeans) to draw an equilateral cross on their shields so that they were the same as the Turki whose shields had been ornamented with Tengri's cross from of old. Also that was the first time Europe saw flags with a cross – Turkic flags. From Altai. And after the victory in Rome a prayer to Tengri – Heavenly God was uttered.

 

            ● In this connection one further comment concerning the cross is in order. In Jewish sects that worshipped Jesus (Joshua) a cross represented means of execution and thus was not the object of worship, which was made explicit by Minucius Felix, the early Christian author, in the III century: “Speaking about crosses, we do not worship them at all: we don’t need them, we, the Christians; you, the pagans, you for whom wooden idols are sacred, you worship wooden crosses, maybe, as parts of your deities; and your flags, banners and military signs – what are they if not gilded and ornamented crosses?” (Neihardt A.A. The Mystery of the “Holy” Cross. Page 21). The accuracy of translation of the terms “Christians” and “pagans” is not in question here.

 

            That is when it happened for the first time – after the defeat of the invincible Empire! But the Romans did not understand the words of the prayer, they just felt their power… With the help of adherents of the new religion Constantine gained a footing in the Western Roman Empire and Licinius, his crony – in its western regions where he allowed preaching the new belief, which was not happening in Rome at that time.

            Constantine did not hasten. He was paving the way for a new fight for about ten years. He tried to suppress the power of the Eastern Church together with Licinius. In 320 he “prohibited synods, limited activities of the clergy and removed the Christians from political offices”, including officers that were the Christians. The war was inevitable – everything was ready for it.  

            Forty thousand Kipchak riders arrived to help Constantine in his fight against Licinius, which was mentioned by the historian Jordan. That was the march of the Turkic culture over Europe. They marched as liberators and fighters for a new spiritual culture. They rendered assistance not gratuitously but for payment – for stipendia promised by Constantine.

            That was the first bargain of the Turki in the name of the new belief and new politics! They were the first who accepted the rules of European communication – for money! – and thus they stepped closer to the edge of the gap they were to fall in later…

            Of course, Licinius was defeated. In that easy victory of the year 324, the same as in victory over Rome, people saw God's will again. Truly, “God and power belong to one”, they said.

            And Constantine, having become the head of the Empire, was thinking how to arrogate the belief in God and make it and the Kipchaks his assistants. The Greeks rendered assistance to him; they were trying to establish the Turkic belief in Europe; the school of Derbent taught them a lot. That was another step of the Great Nations Migration; the step that could not be without a trace – the Greek Church. Its power was rapidly expanding in the Roman Empire.

            Presence of belief in God, no matter it was not in soul but in consciousness, is the sign of Altai and the Great Nations Migration – the eternal sign on the canvas of history; Time cannot erase it!

            Alas, the Greeks, having absorbed the Turkic culture, chose their own way in it – the way of distortions. They made a farce in which religion had to play a minor part – it was made an instrument of hypocrisy and politics. For the success of his play Constantine stuck at nothing: “the defender of Christianity” killed his wife, son and relatives having accused them of betraying. He liked to make an impression and be in the limelight. The ruler whom his contemporaries compared with bloodthirsty Nero turned into “the father of Christian belief” due to theologians, although he was a pagan for the whole of his life. He was the tyrant that trampled and mutilated religious relics in order to strengthen his power.

 

            ● “According to accuracy of the church language, - mentioned Gibbon, - the first of Christian emperors did not deserve this title even unto death”. He describes peculiarities of “nimble explanations” invented by church historians in order to accommodate “irresistible proofs of pagan superstition of Constantine” with his supposed Christianity.

 

            Thus on the ruins of the Roman Empire Byzantium was being born, where belief was turned into politics and the clergy – into Emperor's servants from the first day. It is striking that crimes can immortalize a man as well as great virtues. Constantine obtained power using others around him, he was liberal of promises and presents and did everything to retain Turkic warriors with him. Even if for a while. His efforts were successful; the riders stayed with him.  

            They were sort of hypnotized – they decided not to come back. They sent for their relatives instead. Later they were called “Federates” (“federate” is derived from the word “agreement” with the meaning “federation”); northern lands of Balkan Peninsula were given to them and they were obliged to defend the boundaries of the new state. In fact those were Turkic uluses that turned into a separate Byzantine army, its cavalry; they lived in a community exempted from taxes according to their steppe traditions. Almost nothing changed in their lives… They just faced away from their motherland. And that was the end.

            However, it is important to remember one thing: not defeated soldiers and not those turned into slaves served as hirelings. That was an innovation in the West. The Turki joined the Empire on equal grounds. Voluntarily… Not knowing what they were doing.

            Constantine tried to please the khans that were his commanders. He introduced a new calendar for them and made Sunday the day of rest, as the Kipchaks had it, and made it obligatory for the people to pray Heavenly God. Let us mention, since 312 till 325 the Turki prayed Tengri reading sacred texts in Turkic. There were no other prayers in the name of Heavenly God. At that time the new-born Greek Church did not differ from other Eastern Churches.

            This is an extraordinary fact that has been forgotten while it explains a lot in the history of Europe… The Greeks minted Turkic crosses even on their coins. That was not just a coincidence.

            The Turkic (Barbaric!) language became the language of the army that was being established in Byzantium; it was called “soldierly” or “commanding” language. Thousands of Kipchak families moved there; they were given lands and the Greeks paid in gold to khans of Desht-I-Kipchak for their moving. Everything was decorous; that was deemed to be the expansion of the new belief. Of course that moving was the part of the Great Nations Migration, its logical continuation. Or… what actually happened was that people were being bought for gold?   

            Who can explain where one thing ended and the other began?

            It sounds offensive, but it is hard to say it in other words: the Turki were being bought in order to create Byzantium. Free people were the article of commerce. The Eastern Empire needed the Kipchaks, it started to pay considerable amounts voluntarily. It did everything consciously; time and patience were on its side: the East was “moving” to Europe; its military and constructive abilities were evident.

            There are hundreds of witnesses. Take Thessaloniki, for instance, the recognized “Turkic” capital of Greece; it was founded before the Common Era, but archeologists marked that in the IV century culture started to change there. Everything was changing, even the temples. Church of St. George built under the “Barbarian” design is often mentioned. The dome made of bricks put together radially circle after circle, is striking. They could not build in that way in the Roman Empire, while in the East they could.  

            Or take Church of Sergius and Bacchus raised in 527 in Constantinople – it is an exact copy of the temple built in the settlement called Lecit in Azerbaijan, not far from Derbent. That was acknowledged by all experts. According to one version the temple in Lecit was built in memory of Attila.

            Or Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. Another excellent Turkic work.

            Or Church of Saint Vitalius in Ravenna… Those masterpieces were made by great masters, nobody argues that. For example, mosaics in Ravenna are astonishingly similar with paintings in Dura-Europos made according to Altaic canons. It is evident that that was a historical march of “Federates” or, more preciously, the Kipchaks that became citizens of Europe. Their culture bore fruits to their new motherland, which everybody valued according to merit.

            The West repeated the course of development of Kushania or Parthia with the difference that Europe was run not by someone belonging to a Turkic tsarist family but a simple European. That is all. There were no other differences. A gigantic “pot” was boiling up again; new culture was being melted in it. But this time another recipe was used. But still the main component was the same – Monotheism.

            Finally Constantine managed to gain confidence of the Kipchaks. In order to win all their hearts in 324 he established Constantinople, the new capital; which he ordered to the Turki. The town was to be built according to the eastern canon so that the temples were shining in it in the name of Tengri. Jordan wrote: “… the town which could compete with Rome”, i.e. with the West.

            Under Constantine the Eastern Empire was becoming really strong; it was turning into a prosperous country. Having the best army in the West, it dictated its terms to Egypt, Palestine, Syria and even Rome. And it was not enough for the Emperor who could not understand that the Kipchaks could leave him at any time and he would be face to face with his enemies. And in 325 Constantine gathered dependent bishops for a meeting in Nicea; today that meeting is known as the Nicene Council. The purpose was not concealed – to establish their own Greek Church, not on the Turkic model.

           

            ● In this connection it is important to explain that the name Byzantium (the same as the Western Roman and Eastern Roman Empires) is conventional: it was introduced later. In documents of those times the Roman Empire remained united; the population of Byzantine considered itself to be the descendants of the Romans calling their country the Empire of Romes and its capital – the New Rome.         

            It is commonly supposed that the “birth” of Byzantine coincides with establishing of the new capital of the Empire – Constantinople – by Constantine the Great in 324. But there are other viewpoints.  

 

            ● Also speaking about Greek motives of Constantine's politics, non-Greek origin of the Emperor should be considered the same as the fact that he relied on the Hellenes in race for power. Such situation is not uncommon for history. Acceding to the throne, the ruler had to consider interests of the nation he was to run. For instance, that is how it was with the tsars from the family of Arshakids in Armenia and Caucasian Albania. Constantine, whose father was not a Greek but the native of lands laying along Danube, was rightly called the Greek Emperor.

 

            That is what the sly ruler was designing, that is for what he abased himself: curse and envy were covered by the Emperor's delight. In the new Greek Church he declared that Tengri and Christ were one and the same person. At that time the word “Christianity” obtained its modern meaning and became the name of religion; Christ entered the divine pantheon.

            But in terms of belief, before the Nicene Council Byzantium adhered to Altaic rules saying “Tengri's son” speaking with the Turki. And everybody understood it. However, to an extent that was due to language traditions: in Turkic the expression “Heavenly God” was pronounced as “Tengri” and “Heavenly God's son” – as “Tengri's son”. That is why the worship of Jesus as the son, or Tengri's messenger, for the “Greek” Kipchaks was the continuation of Altaic traditions according to which God sent his sons to save the people.

            Christianity, according to Constantine's intentions, was to continue the traditions of Greece in which religion, as we know it, “humans” had always been Gods (Zeus, Demeter, Hera, etc.). The Emperor relied on Hellenic culture close and intelligible to the Europeans. However, all other nation did the same after becoming acquainted with Altaic culture.

            The eternal Blue Sky was too high for them.

            Inability to adopt the eastern philosophy was peculiar for the Hellenes and the whole West; that is how paganism was shown in them. An item, material implementation is the object of belief for them; not an idea. That is the main difference between eastern and western cultures – their attitude to the Idea. To the Word.

 

            ● The words by the Bishop Sinesius who got education in Alexandria are indicative. In the V century he said that Athens “at that time were famous not for philosophical schools but for honey trading”. Gibbon E. Ibis, part III, page 223, ref. 8.

 

            Constantine needed a human being to be God – he needed a familiar personification of known ideals, and nothing else.

            But it is possible to unite the pagan and spiritual origins only having certain myths which had not been invented yet early in the Middle Ages. They needed time to create them. Christianity reminded of a newborn child that cannot live a single day without adults.

            Absence of mythology was the first difficulty the Greek Church faced. It also did not have any philosophy. And it had no ceremony. That made the task of the Church creators easier; they had a blank page where they could write philosophy, the history of Christianity – at that they could do it at their discretion… Any clothes were suitable for a newborn creature. Any words could warm and protect it.

            An assumption that was inconceivable in terms of common sense characterized the Greek Church: Christ entered its divine pantheon. A human being became God! It seems that is the moment when Christianity as the new religion was born. The religion called not by the name of Heavenly God but a human being. Having “equaled” Jesus to Tengri, Byzantium hoped to obtain God's power. It appropriated prayers, ceremonies, temples of the Kipchaks – their spiritual culture. The whole ceremonial system. What had been being accumulated in Altai for centuries was transferred to the Church in a flash…  

            It is fair to say that the Nicene Council understood Constantine not all at once. The Emperor's declaration shocked perhaps all the adherents of Monotheism; they were resented.

            But Constantine was adamant; he insisted on his decision by force and threats. He approved the “Nicene Creed” – the formula of Christian teaching. However, it is still understood in different ways by followers of different religious schools; that is not an “established postulate of belief”.

            Arius, the Egyptian presbyter, the wise Copt who was the native of the “Indian community” was the first to protect Tengri. He said: one cannot make a human being equal to God since God is the spirit and a human being is flesh created by God; human beings are born and die at God's will. God is immortal. And besides, a son cannot be his own father… Arius was self-reliant; his opinion was welcomed by bishops of the Armenian, Albanian, Syrian and other Churches. Nobody, of course, would deny Christ, but at the same time nobody would equalize him with God. A son is a son, God is God.

 

            ● Acts of the First Oecumenical Council in Nicea, of course, did not remain. The same goes with Arian manuscripts of those times that were destroyed in the West. “The History of the First Oecumenical Council” by Gelasius that we use now was put together one hundred yeas after those events. According to historians, it contains not facts but legends and myths relating to the council. Information of those events was obtained by works of Athanasius, Socrates, Eusebius Caesarean, Sozomen, Theodorit and Rufin.

 

            Philosophical disputes at the Nicene Council concluded quickly. Foreseeing the inevitable defeat Constantine gave a command to “aspirants of clerical titles” and they proclaimed Arius and his adherents heretics. The formula suggested by the emperor was accepted without discussions. 

            Disagreeing bishops did not change their opinion; they did not equalize Christ and God, for which they were called “Monophysites”. That is why in Eastern Churches there was one God – Tengri; people prayed Him and built temples in His name. But… true deeds are silent, and the Greek Church said a lot. Temporal power spoke for it, and it had the army.

            Those bishops that accepted Christ did not know how to explain the fold what had happened in Nicea. Church fathers themselves did not understand the basics of the Christian teaching proposed by Constantine. However, they did not make sense of the philosophy defended by Arius either. They did not have enough knowledge; those were undereducated people. Thus Athanasius the Great admitted that “every time he tried to cognize the divinity of Logos, his hard and vain efforts faced invincible obstacles and that the more he pondered, the less he understood and the more he wrote the less he was able to express his thoughts”.

            These are the words not of an ordinary Christian but of the main theorist of “Greek” Christianity; the first article of belief at the Nicene Council was written after him; in this article Christ was proclaimed God. That man was Arius's opponent; in fact he really despised him.

            And Constantine did not calm down; he was full of energy and after the Council he started to search for Christian relics in Palestine where nobody had ever heard about them; its inhabitants were either Jews or pagans and worshipped caves, springs and trees. Traces of the “early Christianity” had never been there. Nonetheless, the Emperor decided to “Christianize” Palestine.

            He was attracted by the town called Aelia Capitolina, former Jerusalem where they “found” the Holy Sepulcher all at once, although the Jews did not bury in sepulchers, as far as we know. Two thousand years ago their burial places were called “kokkim”- the dead were put down into a niche made in a rock and then their bones were handled into a ceramic vessel and buried for the second time…

            “Findings” appeared one by one. Constantine's mother, innkeeper's daughter, “found” the cross of which, in her opinion, Christ was crucified. She “found” it not having the slightest idea that on a cross, on a T-shaped balk, the Romans executed people.

            Political order was stronger than reality. Lies became the Christian truth. The Emperor himself “appointed” places to be worshipped. The brow of a rock was called Golgotha, and a cave in Bethlehem was proclaimed Christ's birthplace… About fantastic “findings” and how Aelia Capitolina has become holy Jerusalem and motherland of Christianity one can read in the book “Christian Antiquities” by L. Beliaev. Not every novel is as interesting as this monograph. Facts contained there are striking due to evident historical forgery.

            To make their belief true in 381 the Greeks put together the versions of the New Testament having declared that they “had found” the writings of Christ's pupils. But for some reason those writings were in Greek. Since then, since the IV century, about a hundred texts of Gospels have been known. And they are all considered to be Christian. Some of them are called “apocryphal” and denied by the Church, others are approved.

 

            ● Those texts were based on sacred books of the Turki. One can find some explanations in literature referred to “Apocrypha” by the Church. At first the terms “Apocrypha” meant “secret”, “cryptic” and later it obtained another meaning: “something evil, distorted, untrue”. This explains a lot.

            The lot of Apocalypses denied by the Greek Church and not used in the New Testament is indicative. Sacred books that had been worshipped at first were neglected since they contradicted the official version of the New Testament. However, the Revelation also referred to “antilego-mena” and was not recognized up to the IX century. The fight was so serious that just “bits and pieces or names” remains. The Apocalypse of Peter is another example – it was held in respect in the East but not in Europe. That work was deemed to be destroyed, and researchers got it due to discovery of the ancient Coptic library in Nag Hammadi. The texts of the Apocalypse of Peter found among manuscripts of the IV century can give priceless information concerning the history of religion which was later called Christianity. But it will not give! The lot of this document is predictable: it disappeared together with other witnesses of Time.

 

            Unfortunately, nobody has ever been embarrassed by the fact that Christ spoke the Greek language. At that that was not the Greek language they had not spoke; that was Alexandrine dialect forgotten by them (that very language of “Indian communities” of Egypt).

            At that, playing the game suggested by Constantine, Christ should have spoken the Aramaic language; the teacher should have spoken this language talking to his pupils. And not Greek… In this connection another detail is indicative; it is difficult to comment on it and it seems it should be accepted as it is. No comments! In the Gospel According to Mark it is written: and the last thing Jesus cried out on the cross was: “Eloi, Eloi, Lama sabachthani” (God, My God, why hast thou forsaken me?) [Mark 15 34].

            The word “Eloi” should be explained here. That is how the Turki used to address to Tengri; it is still used by people living in Khakassia, Tuva, Altai; it is translated as “My God”. The Shorcy call guardian angel with that word, and they call Tengri “Aloi-Khan”. What else can be said here? However, the question how could a Jew living in the Near East know the name of Heavenly God whom the Jews did not worship should be considered in another book.

            And why did not other Jews, congeners, know that word? A separate discussion is necessary here too. (It would be more correct to begin it with clarification why was evangelist Matthew buried in one of Altaic monasteries). That is not a coincidence; that is lack of knowledge of the author of the Gospels who could simply not know how to address the Most High otherwise. We will return to this subject. More than once.

 

            … The Christian belief created due to Constantine's ignorance was becoming more dangerous than a beast. That was seen when the Emperor appointed the head of the Church and approved the acts of the Nicene Council by his order; he established ceremonies, prayers and edited holy texts. The Greek Church became a political instrument, an “office” where servants in robes worked. Using the controlled Church the temporal power consecrated its will. Imposing it to other countries controlled by Byzantine.

 

            ● It is indicative that decisions of Oecumenical Councils came into effect only having been approved by the Emperors. Thus, the Emperor Constantine the Great approved decisions of the Nicene Council, Theodosius I – of the Council of Constantinople of 381, Theodosius II – of the council of Ephesus of 451, Justicianus I – the Council of Constantinople of 553, Constantine Pogonatus – the Council of Constantinople of 680 – 681 years and the Empress Irene – decisions of the Nicene Council of 787. Can Church independence be in question?

 

            In order to gain a footing the Greek Christians were collapsing ancient temples and palaces of the Hellenes, they banished and killed the priests. One can ask: was anything Greek in Byzantium after those bashings of the IV century? It is dreadful even to think that for the sake of Christianity works of Aristotle, Plato, Herodotus and other great scientists were destroyed, the Alexandrian Library was buried with its rare manuscripts. The past was sacrificed to the new belief.

That was another step of the Great Nations Migration.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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